Table 3 Summary of maximal rotation (trunk internal rotation, shoulder internal rotation and forearm pronation) and flexion/extension angular velocity (°/s) parameters (trunk flexion, shoulder flexion, elbow extension and wrist flexion) as well as parameters at ball release (trunk flexion, shoulder internal rotation). Data are means (±SD).
Elite players
(n=12)		 Low level players
(n=14)		 Effect size
(η2)		 Power
(1-β)
Rotation * .31 .67
Max. trunk int. rotation 756 (52) 667 (138) * .16 .52
Max. shoulder int. rotation 5039 (896) 4955 (1042) .01 .06
Max. forearm pronation 1354 (491) 1954 (720) * .20 .65
Flexion/extension * .44 .85
Max. trunk flexion 474 (100) 328 (108) ** .36 .94
Max. shoulder flexion 1112 (219) 1046 (245) .02 .11
Max. elbow extension 1626 (133) 1526 (241) .06 .23
Max. wrist flexion 807 (166) 864 (445) .01 .07
Ball release ** .41 .92
Trunk flexion 258 (104) 128 (74) * .37 .95
Shoulder internal rotation 4428 (1129) 3450 (1177) ** .16 .54
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01.