Table 3 Fluid deficit while subjects drank water with different temperatures. Fluid deficit (ml) 5°C trial 16°C trial 26°C trial 58°C trial Minimum 1270 1090 1360 1450 Maximum 1750 1570 1840 1940 Mean 1543 * 1382 * 1648 * 1748 * SD 188 199 202 200 Voluntary intake was statistically less than sweat loss (equaling the fluid deficit) and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.01). Fluid deficit was statistically different in trials of different temperatures (p < 0.01)