Table 5. The long-term effects of WBV on musculoskeletal conditions. Reference Ability assessed* Outcome measure†  AT‡ WBV W-G sig§ Control(s) W-G sig** B-G sig† †  Exercise protocol‡‡ Anterior cruciate ligament surgery Moezy et al. (2008) Prop Bal AE60o Re/UnAE30oRe/Un Post. Stability EO (sc) EC (sc) 12 weeks (ch sc) (*) 3.5 (1.9)/5.9 (3.4) (*) 1.9 (2.9)/4.4 (1.9) (*) 1.8 (1.2) (*) 3.2 (1.8) Ø 0.4 (1.5)/0.5 (1.2) Ø 0.3 (1.6)/0.6 (1.0) (*) 0.2 (0.2) (*) 0.7 (0.4) (*) (*) (*) (*) C: PT for 12 weeks, V: PT + WBV 3d/w for 4 weeks, DP Fibromyalgia Alentorn-Geli et al. (2009) Hormonal secretion IGF-1 (ng/ml) Immed 6 weeks Ø Ø Ø Ø -- -- V: 6reps x 6ex x 30s + 3min rest, SP & DP C: as V without vibration Alentorn-Geli et al. (2008) Pain Fatigue Stiffness Depression VAS (%) 6 weeks (2d/w) ↑ in V+Ex ↑ in V+Ex Ø Ø Ø in Ex & C Ø in Ex & C Ø Ø Ø in Ex & C -- in Ex & V Ø in Ex & C -- in Ex & V -- -- V+Ex: 6reps x 6ex x 30s +3min rest/ex, SP & DP Ex: as V without vibration C: No exercise Gusi et al. (2010) Bal Post bal (sc) 12weeks [M (CI)] ↑ 36% Ø (*) 0.69 (-1.1 to -0.3) V: 6 x 30-60s +1min rest, SP C: No exercise Low back pain Rittweger et al. (2002) Pain Disability Depression Lumbar ROM VAS (%) PDI (sc) ADS (sc) Lumbar Fx & Xt (o) 24 weeks (3d/w) ↑ V ↑ Ex Ø in V ↑ V (Ex > V) ↑ Ex ↑ Ex (Ex>V) ↑ Ex ↑ Ex (Ex > V) Ø Ø -- (*) V: 2d/w (1-6w), 1d/w (7-12w), + W, SP & DP Ex: 50% max strength +W Osteoarthritis Trans et al. (2009) Strength Prop IKPT 30o (Nm) IPT Q (Nm) TDPM (s) 8 weeks [M (CI)] V1: ↑ 7.6 (3.5 to 11.6) V2: Ø V1 vs V2: -- V1: ↑ 11.9 (1.9 to 22.0) V2: Ø V1 vs V2: -- V1: ↑ -0.59 (-1.1 to -0.1) Ø Ø -- Ø Ø -- Ø (*) -- -- (*) -- -- -- V1 (WBV), V2 (Bal): 6-9reps x 30-70s SP C: No exercise Total Knee Arthroplasty Johnson et al. (2010) Strength Mob Pain ROM IPT Xt (Nm) TUG (s) VAS M/R (%) ROM fl/xt (o) 4 weeks (3d/w) (ch sc) ↑ (84.3%) ↑ (31%) ↑ / Ø â†‘ 12 (6) / 4 (3) ↑ (77.3%) ↑ (32%) Ø / ↑ ↑ 14 (8)/ Ø Ø Ø -- -- V: 3-5ex, 1-3reps, SP & DP Ex : resistance ex Proprioception (prop); Balance (Bal); Range of motion (ROM); Mobility (Mob) Angular error (AE); Reconstructed (Re); Unreconstructed (Un); Postrural (Post); Eyes open (EO); Eyes closed (EC); Score (sc); Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1); Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Pain Disability Index (PDI); Allgemeine Depressions Skala (ADS); Flexors (Fx); extensors (Xt); W: Weights, Isokinetic peak torque (IKPT); Isometric peak torque (IPT); Threshold for Detection of Passive Movement (TDPM); Timed-up-and-go test (TUG); VAS on movement (VAS M); VAS on rest (VAS R) Assessment time (AT); Change score (ch sc); Immediately (Immed); Days per week (d/w); Mean (Confidence interval) (M (CI)) Whole-body vibration: (WBV); Within-group significance (W-G sig); Significant difference (*); No significant change (ø), Significant decrease (↓); Significant increase (↑);Vibration+Exercise group (V+Ex); Exercise group (Ex); WBV group (V1); Vibration on balance board group (V2) Control group (C) Between-group significance (B-G sig) Physiotherapy (PT); Dynamic position (DP); Repetitions (reps); exercise (ex); Static position (SP)