Table 2
Changes in the measured variables before and after six months of interventions. Data are means (±SD).
Exercise (n=15)
Control (n=10)
Variable
Pre-test
Post-test
Change
Pre-test
Post-test
Change
Body mass (kg)
66.9 (8.5)
67.1 (9.1
.2 (2.1)
68.4 (10.2)
68.1 (9.0)
-.3 (2.3)
BMI (kg·m
-2
)
25.2 (2.5)
25.3 (2.7
.08 (.81)
25.8 (2.5)
25.8 (2.0)
-.10 (.87)
Body fat (%)
24.1 (6.6)
22.7 (6.5
-1.3 (2.9)
*
24.7 (5.6)
25.7 (5.7)
†
1.0 (1.0)
Waist-hip ratio
.93 (.04)
.88 (.04)
† †
-.04 (.05)
*
.90 (.05)
.92 (.07)
.02 (.04)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
139 (17)
130 (19)
†
-9 (14)
135 (15)
137 (18)
2 (18)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
74 (7)
73 (10)
-1 (9)
73 (9)
77 (5)
4 (7)
VO
2
max (ml·kg
-1
·min
-1
)
41.3 (8.9)
44.4 (6.3)
3.1 (8.9)
37.3 (6.8)
37.6 (6.8)
.3 (2.7)
Plasma glucose (mmol·L
-1
)
†ƒ
Fasting
6.86 (1.40)
6.19 (1.47)
†
-.66 (1.11)
**
6.24 (1.66)
6.69 (1.73)
†
.45 (.62)
†ƒ
2-hr postchallenge
13.9 (5.8)
9.83 (4.33)
† †
-4.03 (3.65)
*
11.11 (5.26)
10.58 (4.41)
-.53 (3.19)
Serum insulin (µU·ml
-1
)
†ƒ
Fasting
9.62 (3.23
7.37 (2.65)
†
-2.25 (3.11)
11.68 (4.30)
11.22 (4.79)
-.46 (1.13)
†ƒ
2-hr postchallenge
41.5 (18.5)
28.3 (11.2)
† †
-13.3 (11.4)
**
49.0 (25.6)
50.0 (26.0)
1.0 (.8)
HbA
l
c (%)
6.69 (1.08)
6.14 (.71)
† †
-.55 (.58)
*
5.92 (.81)
5.98 (.63)
.06 (.46)
Total cholesterol (mmol·L
-1
)
5.47 (1.27)
4.47 (1.08)
† †
-.99 (.95)
**
5.05 (.89)
5.41 (.96)
.36 (.54)
Triglycerides (mmol·L
-1
)
1.85 (.97)
1.45 (.54)
-.40 (.96)
*
1.79 (1.07)
2.22 (1.21)
.43 (.75)
HDL-C (mmol·L
-1
)
.94 (.18)
.85 (.22)
-.09 (1.91)
.94 (.35)
.88 (.26)
-.06 (.26)
LDL-C (mmol·L
-1
)
4.17 (1.15)
3.33 (1.03)
† †
-.82 (.89)
**
3.75 (.90)
4.08 (.74)
.34 (.70)
Peak torque of isokinetic plantar flexion
†ƒ
at 30 degree·s
-1
(Nm)
31.5 (18.5)
44.3 (20.2)
†
12.7 (9.6)
**
24.6 (14.7)
26.9 (13.1)
2.3 (6.4)
†ƒ
at 60 degree·s
-1
(Nm)
15.3 (8.2)
25.2 (15.4)
†
10.4 (16.3)
13.7 (11.6)
16.2 (11.3)
2.5 ± 8.0
Peak torque of isokinetic dorsal flexion
†ƒ
at 30 degree·s
-1
(Nm)
14.5 (5.5)
17.9 (4.5)
† †
3.5 (5.3)
10.6 (5.7)
11.5 (5.5)
.9 (4.3)
†ƒ
at 60 degree·s
-1
(Nm)
9.6 (3.5)
12.0 (4.6)
†
2.6 (3.9)
8.6 (2.8)
10.9 (5.9)
2.3 (5.7)
6-min walk (m)
538 (56)
596 (52)
† †
58 (39)
**
523 (50)
513 (54)
-11 (30)
BMI, body mass index; VOmax, predicted maximal oxygen uptake; HbA, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
* p < 0.05;
** p < 0.01, comparison of the changes between the groups.
† p < 0.05;
† † p < 0.01, between the pre- and post-tests within the groups.