Table 8 Mean (SD) values for segment principal moment of inertia about the sagittal axis (Ixx, Kg•cm) of adult Caucasian male (= 10), male swimmers (= 10) and female swimmers (= 8).
Estimation Method
Segment
Group
C
Y
Z1
Z2
Z3
DXA
Head
Adult male
248.95 (69.14)
226.92 (71.57)
280.09 (19.65)
400.67 (84.37)
366.98 (84.27)
233.51 (46.15)
Male swimmers
290.75 (61.00)
230.10 (54.30)
299.95 (22.06)
441.04 (93.48)
372.79 (94.18)
253.81 (29.45)
Female swimmers
226.96 (25.79)
141.22 (40.58)
259.11 (15.72)
379.78 (33.37)
309.98 (63.34)
197.83 (19.44)
Trunk
Adult male
16595 (2574)
14501 (1887)
13523 (1474)
16841 (1599)
13142 (1762)
13239 (1838)
Male swimmers
20324 (4133)
20276 (3150)
16551 (2461)
21743 (2861)
17157 (2750)
17959 (2774)
Female swimmer
12014 (2222)
10938 (1725)
9868 (1101)
13467 (1916)
10096 (1534)
10728(1553)
Head + Trunk
Adult male
21522 (2884)
22758 (3521)
22446 (2496)
27680 (3254)
22119 (2989)
21123 (2918)
Male swimmers
26264 (4647)
29056 (4717)
27356 (3300)
33511 (4081)
27531 (3883)
27198 (3871)
Female swimmers
16263 (2455)
16725 (2784)
17969 (1661)
23286 (2840)
17373 (2225)
17510 (2253)
Upper arm
Adult male
167.92 (42.42)
194.90 (48.10)
135.71 (21.56)
205.55 (28.37)
133.72 (30.94)
161.64 (35.41)
Male swimmers
230.29 (63.78)
266.42 (75.58)
157.93 (24.67)
241.06 (34.00)
166.40 (49.98)
207.70 (65.86)
Female swimmers
142.30 (27.14)
167.27 (32.75)
109.70 (16.86)
186.09 (20.74)
98.50 (17.29)
125.88 (18.88)
Forearm
Adult male
56.33 (17.31)
67.80 (18.52)
68.42 (8.77)
78.17 (18.64)
63.22 (23.62)
64.25 (19.20)
Male swimmers
70.52 (23.18)
86.30 (28.89)
77.16 (10.75)
92.46 (23.84)
79.11 (27.19)
75.81 (23.61)
Female swimmers
42.22 (11.75)
53.24 (16.11)
54.79 (6.52)
64.25 (16.40)
45.92 (12.25)
44.62 (12.25)
Thigh
Adult male
2072 (592)
1538 (428)
2149 (347)
1618 (303)
1867 (404)
1531 (369)
Male swimmers
2316 (583)
1721 (446)
2500 (411)
1742 (362)
1975 (418)
1552 (451)
Female swimmers
1779 (357)
1357 (260)
1666 (264)
1309 (210)
1602 (250)
1178 (185)
Shank
Adult male
519 (148)
633 (184)
418 (80)
458 (108)
494 (147)
449 (123)
Male swimmers
619 (165)
759 (208)
502 (89)
527 (103)
576 (157)
516 (140)
Female swimmers
396 (101)
489 (124)
334 (64)
376 (103)
363 (112)
362 (98)
(C) Chandler model; (Y) Yeadon model; (Z1) Zatsiorsky simple regression model; (Z2) Zatsiorsky multiple regression model;(Z3) Zatsiorsky geometric model (Z3); (DXA) and the proposed estimation protocol using DXA.