Table 1. Means (± standard deviations) of each phase and 15 m time for both backstroke start variants. Phase Upper limbs horizontally positioned Upper limbs vertically positioned Hands-off (s) .55 (.06) .55 (.05) Take-off (s) .21 (.02) .21 (.03) Flight (s) .17 (.08) .17 (.06) Entry (s) .39 (.12) .39 (.11) 15 m (s) 7.14 (.54) 7.12 (.51)