Table 3.
Means (± standard deviations) of iEMG of each muscle in each phase for both backstroke start variants.
Variant
Variable
Phase
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Tibialis Anterior
Gastrocnemius Medialis
Rectus Femoris
Biceps Femoris
Upper limbs horizontally positioned
Active IEMG (%CIVM)
Hands-off
15.12 (6.76)
12.37 (6.80)
17.19 (5.92)
12.38 (6.18)
9.13 (3.78)
17.43 (4.16)
Take-off
15.17 (2.76)
2.76 (.26)
8.94 (5.79)
14.47 (5.40)
24.92 (8.88)
19.89 (9.73)
Flight
22.38 (4.25)
3.51 (2.31)
8.48 (4.00)
11.35 (4.65)
15.40 (6.62)
18.06 (10.65)
Entry
22.14 (6.74)
7.59 (5.36)
10.29 (4.56)
11.84 (6.39)
19.22 (9.95)
10.40 (5.87)
Upper limbs vertically positioned
Hands-off
18.15 (9.54)
12.02 (8.45)
15.54 (7.70)
15.20 (7.07)
9.66 (4.77)
19.45 (6.70)
Take-off
14.24 (7.11)
8.06 (4.30)
12.94 (4.73)
27.66 (9.84)
16.94 (8.44)
17.20 (10.65)
Flight
25.90 (8.65)
3.40 (1.93)
6.65 (3.94)
11.88 (5.24)
14.20 (5.14)
16.47 (8.41)
Entry
24.59 (10.22)
7.14 (3.41)
11.68 (4.72)
15.19 (8.94)
18.81 (8.27)
10.02 (6.22)