Table 6. Tibia bone characteristics before and after training. Data are means (±SE). Variable YE (n=16) CON (n=18) Baseline 8-month %∆ Baseline 8-month %∆ Tibia 4% ToD (mg/cm3) 284.1 (9.5) 284.5 (8.9) .3 (.7) 300.5 (8.9) 301.9 (8.4) .6 (1.1) ToA (mm2) 958.5 (29.4) 952.4 (28.8) -.3 (1.3) 879.4 (27.7) 873.9 (27.2) -.5 (1.5) TraD(mg/cm3) 232.5 (6.9) 232.8 (6.8) .1 (.2) 236.7 (6.5) 236.3 (6.4) -.1 (.4) TraA (mm2) 813.7 (29.0) 807.7 (27.8) -.3 (1.6) 733.3 (27.3) 726.2 (26.2) -.7 (1.9) Tibia 38% ToD (mg/cm3) 938.2 (14.4) 936.0 (14.2) -.2 (.1) 919.3 (13.5) 919.8 (13.4) .1 (.1) ToA (mm2) 353.2 (8.9) 353.5 (8.7) .1 (.2) 351.2 (8.3) 351.7 (8.2) .2 (.2) CoD(mg/cm3) 1189.6 (6.7) 1187.1 (6.9) -.2 (.1) 1182.6 (6.3) 1182.9 (6.5) .0 (.1) CoA(mm2) 265.1 (7.1) 265.3 (6.9) .1 (.3) 261.1 (6.7) 261.6 (6.5) .2 (.3) CTh (mm) 5.3 (.1) 5.3 (.1) .0 (.3) 5.2 (.1) 5.3 (.1) .1 (.3) SSI (mm3) 1450.3 (50.6) 1447.3 (49.0) -.2 (.4) 1442.4 (47.7) 1436.8 (46.2) -.2 (.7) Tibia 66% ToD (mg/cm3) 656.2 (15.5) 655.3 (15.4) -.1 (.3) 659.1 (14.6) 660.3 (14.5) .2 (.5) ToA (mm2) 533.0 (15.6) 533.1 (14.9) .1 (.2) 522.5 (14.7) 521.3 (14.1) -.2 (.4) CoD(mg/cm3) 1141.5 (7.2) 1137.6 (7.4) -.3 (.1) 1131.9 (6.8) 1131.0 (7.0) -.1 (.1) CoA(mm2) 270.6 (6.8) 272.1 (6.9) .5 (.2) 270.4 (6.4) 270.6 (6.5) .0 (.3) CTh (mm) 3.9 (.1) 3.9 (.1) .6 (.3) 4.0 (.1) 4.0 (.1) .2 (.5) SSI (mm3) 2226.5 (80.9) 2219.6 (77.3) -.2 (.3) 2158.1 (76.3) 2154.1 (72.9) -.1 (.4) YE: Yoga Exercise, CON: Control, %∆ : percent change, ToD : total volumetric BMD, ToA: total bone area, TraD: trabecular volumetric BMD, TraA: trabecular area, SSI: strength strain index, CoD: cortical volumetric BMD, CoA: cortical area, CTh: cortical thickness. *p=0.005 significant time effect