Table 3. Correlations (Pearson or Point Biserial) and associations (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) by country between stressors and symptoms related to common mental disorders among professional footballers in five European countries.
Distress
Anxiety/depression
Sleeping disturbance
Alcohol behaviour
Nutrition behaviour
Finland (n = 121)
LE<6
.07 1.3 (.8-1.9)
.25 * 1.6 (1.1-2.3)
.09 1.2 (.8-1.7)
.27 * 1.6 (1.0-2.3)
.21 1.5 (1.0-2.3)
LE>6
.22 * 1.4 (1.0-2.1)
-.13 .8 (.6-1.1)
-.03 1.0 (.7-1.3)
-.26 * .6 (.4-1.0)
.10 1.2 (.9-1.6)
Career dissatisfaction
-.17 .9 (.7-1.0)
-.35 ** .8 (.6-.9)
.01 1.0 (.9-1.2)
.03 1.0 (.8-1.2)
-.03 1.0 (.9-1.1)
France (n = 81)
LE<6
.43 ** 1.7 (1.2-2.5)
.06 1.1 (.8-1.4)
.14 1.2 (.9-1.6)
-.02 1.2 (.7-2.0)
.03 1.1 (.8-1.4)
LE>6
-.17 .9 (.6-1.3)
.06 1.1 (.9-1.3)
.04 1.1 (0.9-1.3)
.37 ** 1.5 (1.1-2.1)
.08 1.1 (.9-1.3)
Career dissatisfaction
-.05 1.0 (.8-1.1)
-.09 1.0 (.9-1.1)
.07 1.0 (.9-1.2)
-.01 1.0 (.8-1.2)
-.33 ** .8 (.7-1.0)
Norway (n = 119)
LE<6
.15 1.4 (.8-2.3)
.10 1.2 (.8-1.7)
.04 1.0 (.7-1.6)
.01 1.0 (.5-2.1)
.09 1.1 (.7-1.8)
LE>6
.06 1.1 (.8-1.6)
-.09 .9 (.7-1.2)
.01 1.0 (.8-1.3)
.37 ** 2.0 (1.3-3.2)
.14 1.3 (1.0-1.7)
Career dissatisfaction
-.10 .9 (.8-1.1)
-.08 1.0 (.8-1.1)
-.12 .9 (.8-1.1)
-.02 .9 (.7-1.2)
-.18 .9 (.7-1.0)
Spain (N=70)
LE<6
-.07 1.0 (.6-1.6)
.10 1.0 (1.0-1.1)
.10 1.1 (.8-1.4)
.19 1.4 (1.0-2.0)
-.39** .6 (.4-.8)
LE>6
.22 1.4 (1.0-2.0)
.10 1.0 (1.0-1.1)
-.02 1.1 (.8-1.4)
.04 1.2 (.8-1.7)
.03 .9 (.7-1.2)
Career dissatisfaction
.00 1.0 (.8-1.3)
.08 1.0 (1.0-1.1)
.11 1.1 (.9-1.2)
-.04 1.0 (.8-1.2)
.11 1.1 (.9-1.3)
Sweden (N=149)
LE<6
.31 ** 2.0 (1.3-3.2)
.18 * 1.4 (1.0-2.0)
.28 ** 1.8 (1.2-2.7)
-.06 .7 (.3-1.7)
-.05 .9 (.6-1.3)
LE>6
.02 1.0 (.8-1.3)
-.03 1.0 (.8-1.2)
.03 1.0 (.8-1.3)
-.01 1.0 (.7-1.4)
-.11 .9 (.7-1.1)
Career dissatisfaction
-.25 ** .8 (.7-1.0)
-.19 * .9 (.8-1.0)
-.04 1.0 (.9-1.1)
-.07 .9 (.7-1.1)
-.03 1.0 (.9-1.1)
** p < 0.01; LE<6, life events in the previous six months; LE>6, life events longer than six months ago.