Table 3. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and indoor cycling (IC) at low (70%HRmax), moderate (80% HRmax) and high (90% HRmax) intensity (n =19). Data are means (±SE). |
|
AS |
XCS |
IC |
ANOVA (F-value, p-value) |
| Low |
Mod |
High |
Low |
Mod |
High |
Low |
Mod |
High |
Modea |
Intensityb |
| HRpeak (bpm) |
138(4)* |
154(4) |
162(3) |
137(2)* |
152(2) |
170(2) |
124(3)* |
142(3) |
161(3) |
F2,11=13, p=.001 |
F2,11=262, p <.001 |
| Rel. HRpeak (% HRmax) |
79(2)* |
88(2) |
93(2) |
79(1)* |
87(1) |
98(1) |
71(1)* |
82(1) |
92(1) |
F2,11=11, p=.003 |
F2,11=240, p<.001 |
| Blood lactate (mmol·L-1) |
1.8 (.2)* |
3.3 (.2) |
4.6 (.5) |
2.4 (.3)* |
3.5 (.5) |
6.6 (.6) |
1.9 (.2)* |
3.3 (.3) |
6.0 (.5) |
F2,11=4.0, p=.049 |
F2,11=51, p<.001 |
| Rel. lactate (% peak lactate) |
23(3)* |
37(2) |
57(7) |
28(4)* |
40(7) |
76(7) |
22(3)* |
39(4) |
71(8) |
NS |
F2,11=50, p<.001 |
| Blood glucose (mmol·L-1) |
4.8 (.1) |
4.8 (.1) |
5.3 (.2) |
4.6 (.1) |
4.7 (.1) |
4.8 (.1)* |
4.8 (.1) |
4.7 (.2) |
4.6 (.2) |
NS |
F2,11=14, p=.006 |
| RERmean |
.91 (.02)* |
.95 (.01) |
.98 (.02) |
1.02 (.03) |
1.05 (.03) |
1.14 (.03)* |
.92 (.02) |
1.00 (.03) |
1.00 (.03) |
F2,8=14, p=.003 |
F2,8=14, P=.001 |
| VO2peak (ml·kg-1·min-1) |
23.7 (.9)* |
28.6 (1.1) |
32.4 (1.2) |
32.4 (1.1)* |
34.6 (1.4) |
36.4 (1.5) |
27.1 (.8*) |
31.7 (.9) |
36.7 (1.3) |
F2,8=13, p=.003 |
F2,8=47, p<.001 |
| VO2steadystate (ml·kg-1·min-1) |
19.0 (.5)* |
24.1 (.9) |
29.1 (1.1) |
26.6 (1.0)* |
29.8 (1.1) |
32.4 (1.2) |
23.7 (.8)* |
28.3 (.8) |
33.1 (1.0) |
F2,8=11, p=.005 |
F2,8=67, p<.001 |
| Rel. VO2peak %VO2max |
64(3)* |
74(4) |
84(4) |
84(4)* |
89(3) |
94(3) |
70(4)* |
82(4) |
94(3) |
F2,8=21, p=.001 |
F2,8=42, p<.001 |
| EEsteady state (kcal·h-1) |
448(21)* |
590(32) |
713(32) |
644(29)* |
731(29) |
813(33) |
558(28)* |
677(30) |
803(37) |
F2,8=10, p=.006 |
F2,8=71, p<.001 |
| EE4 min (kcal) |
27.9 (1.1)* |
35.6 (1.8) |
44.0 (1.8) |
40.3 (2.0)* |
45.6 (1.7) |
51.0 (2.0) |
36.2 (1.8)* |
42.8 (2.0) |
50.1 (2.3) |
F2,8=13, p=.003 |
F2,8=86, p<.001 |
| RPEwhole-body |
9.8 (.6)* |
12.3 (.6) |
14.9 (.6) |
9.3 (.4)* |
11.7 (.4) |
15.6 (.4) |
10.5 (.5)* |
13.0 (.2) |
15.0 (.4) |
NS |
F2,11=93, p<.001 |
| RPEarms |
7.9 (.5)* |
9.4 (.5) |
10.5 (.8) |
9.2 (.4)* |
11.1 (.6) |
14.4 (.6) |
7.9 (.6)* |
9.0 (.5) |
11.0 (.8) |
F2,11=17, p<.001 |
F2,11=44, p<.001 |
| RPElegs |
12.6 (.5)* |
16.1 (.6) |
16.8 (.6) |
8.8 (.4)* |
10.2 (.5) |
13.0 (.5) |
11.1 (.3)* |
13.6 (.3) |
15.5 (.5) |
F2,11=37, p<.001 |
F2,11=106, p<.001 |
|
a main effect of exercise mode. |
b main effect of intensity. |
*significantly different to the two other intensities in the same exercise mode. NS, not significant. |
HR, heart rate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VO2, oxygen uptake; EE, energy expenditure; EEsteady_state, estimated energy expenditure over one hour based on the EE during the last minute of each intensity stage; EE4min, exact energy expenditure during each of the 4-min stages; RPE, rate of perceived exertion. |
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