Table 1.
Group means (standard deviations) for preferred coaching behavior.
Group
Group
n
TI
Demo
Auto
SS
PF
Total
167
4.47 (1.03)
3.93 (.88)
3.59 (.87)
3.88 (.83)
4.07 (.99)
Gender
Boys
76
4.45 (1.02)
3.95 (.92)
3.66 (.91)
3.92 (.88)
4.05 (.97)
Girls
91
4.48 (1.04)
3.92 (.85)
3.54 (.84)
3.85 (.80)
4.08 (1.01)
Sig.
.869
.826
.400
.583
.840
Competition level
Elementary
78
4.42 (1.10)
3.85 (.98)
3.53 (.97)
3.86 (.88)
4.08 (.98)
High School
89
4.51 (.96)
4.01 (.79)
3.65 (.78)
3.90 (.79)
4.05 (1.00)
Sig.
.571
.239
.372
.772
.831
Task dependency
Singles only
36
4.63 (.94)
4.08 (.84)
3.79 (.90)
4.08 (.78)
4.19 (.89)
Doubles only
31
4.46 (.97)
3.99 (.80)
3.56 (.76)
3.80 (.80)
3.98 (.96)
Both
100
4.41 (1.07)
3.86 (.92)
3.53 (.89)
3.83 (.86)
4.05 (1.04)
Sig.
.555
.391
.312
.252
.670
Playing experience
1–3 years
60
4.48 (1.02)
3.90 (.88)
3.56 (.90)
3.89 (.84)
4.13 (.90)
4–6 years
67
4.35 (1.13)
3.84 (.95)
3.57 (.90)
3.83 (.87)
3.90 (1.16)
≥7
38
4.64 (.84)
4.11 (.75)
3.64 (.80)
3.92 (.78)
4.25 (.79)
Sig.
.376
.303
.907
.856
.177
Coach Gender
Male
87
4.46 (1.04)
3.93 (.91)
3.71 (.91)
3.91 (.86)
3.99 (1.04)
Female
80
4.47 (1.02)
3.93 (.85)
3.47 (.82)
3.85 (.81)
4.15 (.93)
Sig.
.976
.989
.081
.651
.316
TI = training and instruction; Demo = Democratic behavior; Auto = Autocratic behavior; SS = Social support; PF = Positive feedback. 1 = never; 2 = seldom; 3 = occasionally; 4 = often; 5 = always.