Table 3. Peak knee, ankle and foot angles and ROM (°) (mean ± SD). Without toe clip With toe clip 0.5 kg 1.0 kg 1.5 kg 0.5 kg 1.0 kg 1.5 kg Varus Knee Extension ROM ZYa 74.4±5.6 75.1±6.3 74.2±5.4 74.3±5.7 74.1±5.9 74.0±5.5 Knee Adduction Angle XYZ£ 10.3±4.8 9.7±5.3 10.1±5.2 11.6±4.1 11.0±3.7 10.4±4.3 Knee Abduction Angle XZ£ -0.3±4.6 -0.7±5.1 -0.2±4.3 0.3±4.5 0.9±3.3 0.0±4.0 Ankle Eversion Angle -1.7±7.5 -2.0±6.6 -2.7±6.5 -2.4±6.7 -2.9±7.9 -1.4±6.8 Ankle Inversion ROMY 3.4±1.8 3.6±2.1 4.2±2.5 3.8±2.0 3.7±1.5 3.5±1.6 Foot Eversion AngleZ -3.1±4.2 -2.8±3.7 -2.7±5.5 -5.4±3.7 -5.3±4.4 -4.8±4.6 Foot Mean Ext. Rotation AngleZ% -15.1±4.6 -14.6±5.0 -14.2±4.6 -15.8±3.9 -15.2±4.5 -15.3±3.9 Neutral Knee Extension ROM 75.1±6.1 76.2±6.5 76.8±6.0 75.0±6.2 75.6±5.6 75.7±5.8 Knee Adduction Angle 5.2±9.3 5.0±8.8 5.2±8.9 6.0±8.4 5.5±8.7 5.4±9.0 Knee Abduction Angle -5.0±5.1 -5.2±5.5 -5.6±5.4 -4.7±5.0 -5.0±5.3 -4.8±5.9 Ankle Eversion Angle -2.8±4.1 -1.8±3.8 -1.1±5.2 -2.4±4.1 -1.4±2.0 -1.4±3.7 Ankle Inversion ROM 3.2±2.1 3.9±2.2 4.0±1.9 2.6±1.6 3.5±2.1 4.2±2.3 Foot Eversion Angle -4.7±5.3 -2.9±4.9 -2.6±5.2 -7.1±3.9 -5.5±3.5 -4.7±3.3 Foot Mean Ext. Rotation Angle -12.0±5.0 -11.1±5.5 -11.4±4.6 -13.3±4.1 -12.8±5.1 -12.5±4.7 Valgus Knee Extension ROM 73.5±6.4 74.0±5.3 73.4±5.0 73.3±5.2 73.9±6.4 72.8±5.1 Knee Adduction Angle -2.2±6.4 -2.6±6.7 -2.3±7.0 0.1±7.5 -1.1±6.8 -1.9±6.4 Knee Abduction Angle -10.4±4.2 -9.7±5.1 -9.9±5.7 -8.9±5.9 -9.6±4.5 -9.6±4.8 Ankle Eversion Angle -3.6±4.3 -3.8±4.0 -4.0±4.4 -4.1±3.6 -3.5±4.0 -4.0±4.1 Ankle Inversion ROM 4.3±2.4 4.0±2.4 4.4±2.5 3.4±2.3 4.8±3.2 4.3±3.9 Foot Eversion Angle -3.4±4.3 -3.7±5.0 -4.0±4.0 -6.8±5.1 -6.1±4.9 -6.0±4.2 Foot Mean Ext. Rotation Angle -10.8±4.0 -10.4±3.9 -11.2±4.4 -13.3±4.0 -12.9±3.0 -12.7±3.7 % Mean angle of first 25% of pedal cycle £ significant difference between varus and valgus. ROM: Range of Motion, Ext.: External, Int.: Internal. c significant difference between 0.5 – 1.5 kg. a significant difference between 0.5 – 1.0 kg b significant difference between 1.0 – 1.5 kg Z significant toe-clip main effect. Post hoc comparisons: Y significant workload main effect X significant group main effect