Table 1. Summary of the studies on shoelace effect (n = 4). |
Reference |
Shoe Conditions |
Tested running Speed (m/s) |
Subject Info (Numbers, Sex, Age, Landing type) |
Testing Protocol |
Outcome |
PEDro Score |
Performance related |
Injury related |
Hong et al., (2011) |
1. Laced running shoes (LS); 2. Elastic-covered running shoes (ES) |
3.8 |
15, M, 20.3, rearfoot striker |
Treadmill running |
LS ↑ perceived forefoot cushioning, heel cup fitting, shoe heel width, shoe forefoot width & shoe length; LS ↓ max. rearfoot pronation; ES ↑ PP on 3rd, 4th & 5th MTH; → PP on other foot regions; → contact area for all regions. |
NA |
6 |
Hagen and Hennig, (2009) |
1. REG6 (6 eyelets-regular lacing) 2. WEAK6 (6 eyelets-very weak lacing) 3. TIGHT6 (6 eyelets-very tight lacing) 4. EYE12 (eyelets 1 and 2) 5. EYE135(eyelets 1,3,5) 6. ALL7 (all 7 eyelets) |
3.3 |
20, M, 32, rearfoot striker |
Overground running |
Low lacing ↓ vGRF impact, PP on 3rd & 5th MTH than high lacing; → maximum pronation. |
EYE12↓ the peak vertical forces than REG6 and TIGHT6; TIGH 6, ALL7 and REGULA 6↓ loading rate & pronation velocities than EYE12, EYE135, and WEAK6; High lacing ↓ heel & lateral midfoot PP than tighter lacing; REG 6 ↑ loading rate & heel PP than ALL7. |
6 |
Hagen et al., (2010) |
1. All 7 eyelet (ALL) 2. 6 eyelets-tight lacing (TIGHT6) 3. 6 eyelets-regular lacing (REG6) 4. Skipping the 6th eyelet (A57) |
3.3 |
14, M, 24, rearfoot striker |
Overground running |
TIGHT6, ALL & A57 ↑ perceived stability than REG6; A57, REG6 ↑ comfort than other; TIGHT6 is the most uncomfortable. |
TIGHT6 ↑ PP on medial foot dorsum than other; ALL, A57 ↓ PP on tarsal bones. |
6 |
Hagen et al., (2011) |
1. All 7 eyelets (ALL) 2. 6 eyelets-tight lacing (TIGHT6) 3. 6 eyelets-regular lacing (REG6) 4. Skipping the 6th eyelet (A57) |
Self-selected Speed |
High level (21, M, NA, rearfoot striker); Low level (20, M, NA, rearfoot striker) |
Overground running |
Low level: A57 ↑ perceived stability & comfort than REG6; High level: A57 ↓ perceived comfort than other. |
NA |
6 |
|
Max = maximum, PP = peak pressure, vGRF = vertical ground reaction force, MTH = metatarsal head, NA = Not available |
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