| Reference | Shoe Conditions |
Tested running Speed (m/s) |
Subject Info (Numbers, Sex, Age, Landing type) |
Testing Protocol |
Outcome | PEDro Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance related |
Injury related |
||||||
| Besson et al., ( |
1. Heel–toe drop 10 mm (D10) 2. Heel–toe drop 6 mm (D6) 3. Heel–toe drop 0 mm (D0) |
Preferred speed |
14, F, 21.4, rearfoot striker |
Overground running | D0 ↓ Foot ground angle, ankle dorsiflexion at initial & last 40% stance phase than D6 & D10; D0 ↑ AP GRF during first part of stance phase than D6 & D10; D0 ↑ push-of time but ↓ braking time than D6 & D10; D0 ↑ net joint ankle flexion moment during braking phase ↓ net knee flexion moment in the push-of phase compared to D6 & D10; → knee & hip angles, & stance phase duration. |
NA | 6 |
| Chambon et al. ( |
1. Heel–toe drop 0 mm (D0) 2. Heel–toe drop 4 mm (D4) 3. Heel–toe drop 8 mm (D8) 4. Barefoot (BF) |
Preferred Speed |
12, M, 21.8, rearfoot striker |
Treadmill & overground running | NA | Overground: D0 ↓ foot ground angle at touchdown than D8; BF↑ loading rate than D8; Treadmill: BF & D0 ↓ foot ground angles than D8; BF & D0 ↑ ankle flexion during stance phase than D8; BF ↓ knee flexion RoM than D4 & D8; BF ↓ peak & loading rate of vGRF than D8; → initial ankle angle |
6 |
| Malisoux et al., ( |
1. Heel–toe drop 10 mm (D10) 2. Heel–toe drop 6 mm (D6) 3. Heel–toe drop 0 mm (D0) |
Preferred speed |
59, M=42, F=17, rearfoot striker | Treadmill running | D6 & D10 ↑ knee adduction than D0; → contact time, flight time, stride frequency, stride length, hip vertical displacement |
NA | 7 |
| Malisoux et al. ( |
1. Heel–toe drop 10 mm (D10) 2. Heel–toe drop 6 mm (D6) 3. Heel–toe drop 0 mm (D0) |
2.64 | 553, M&F, D10=176; D6=190; D0=187; 38; rearfoot striker (occasional & regular) |
Outdoor overground running |
NA | D6 & D0 ↓ injury risk in occasional runners but ↑ injury risk in regular runners; → overall injury risk for all participant |
7 |
| Mits et al. ( |
1. Heel–toe drop 12 mm (D12) 2. Heel–toe drop 8 mm (D8) 3. Heel–toe drop 4 mm (D4) 4. Heel–toe drop 0 mm (D0) |
0.97±10% | 14, M, 27, rearfoot striker |
Overground running | D8, & D12 ↑ max AP CoP excursion than D4; D8 ↑ range of AP CoP than D0; → ML CoP variables. |
NA | 6 |
| TenBroek et al. ( |
Forefoot–rearfoot offset: 1.3–3 mm offset (Thin) 2.9–14 mm offset (Medium) 3.12–24 mm offset (Thick) |
3.0 | 10, M, 18-55, rearfoot striker | Treadmill running | Thin & Medium ↑ initial ankle plantarflexion than other; Thin↑ initial knee extension angle than other; Thick ↑ knee flexion at midstance than Medium; Thick ↑ knee excursion than Thin & Medium; Thick ↑ stance time than Thin & Medium. |
NA | 6 |
| TenBroek et al., (2012) | Forefoot–rearfoot offset: 1. 3–3 mm offset (Thin) 2. 9–14 mm offset (Medium) 3. 12–24 mm offset (Thick) 4. Barefoot (BF) |
3.0 | 10, M, 18-55, rearfoot striker |
Treadmill running |
Barefoot & Thin ↓ initial dorsiflexion than Medium & Thick; BF & Thin ↑ leg segment vertical at TD than Thick; Medium & Thick↑ knee flexion excursion than Thin & BF; Thin ↑ knee excursion than BF; Thin ↑eversion excursion than all other conditions; Thin ↑ stance time than Medium & Thick Barefoot & Thin ↑ peak tibial acceleration than other condition; Medium ↑ peak tibial acceleration than Thick |
NA | 6 |