Table 1. Runners’ characteristics (comparing characteristics between runners with injury history and those without injury history) |
| Variable |
Total runners
(n=804) |
Runners with injury history
(n=432) |
Runners without injury history
(n=372) |
P-value |
| Sex Female, n (%) |
342 (42.5) |
176 (40.7) |
166 (44.6) |
|
| Male, n (%) |
462 (57.5) |
256 (59.3) |
206 (55.4) |
| Total, n (%) |
804 |
432(54) |
372(46) |
| Age (years) |
27(11) |
27(12) |
27(12) |
0.48 |
| Obsessive passion |
3.0 (1.3) |
3.2 (1.4) |
2.7 (1.2) |
<0.001 |
| BREQ-2 |
10.5 (3.1) |
10.7 (2.8) |
10.3 (3.4) |
0.594 |
| Sleep quality |
5.9 (2.8) |
6.6 (2.8) |
5.1 (2.5) |
<0.001 |
| RAND 36-items |
77.0 (11.9) |
74.9 (12.5) |
79.6 (10.6) |
<0.001 |
| SQUASH |
6418.9 (5421.3) |
6278.8 (5227.4) |
6582.7 (5640.8) |
0.751 |
| Running distance (km/week) |
15(15) |
15(20) |
15(10) |
0.04 |
| Up to 10, n (%) |
298 (37.1) |
148 (34.3) |
150 (40.3) |
0.002 |
| Between 10 & 20, n (%) |
266 (33.1) |
132 (30.6) |
134 (36.0) |
| Over 20, n (%) |
240 (29.9) |
152 (35.) |
88 (23.7) |
| Running experience (years) |
2(4) |
2(4) |
2 (3.2) |
0.49 |
| Up to 2, n (%) |
452 (56.2) |
244 (56.5) |
208 (55.9) |
0.109 |
| Between 2 & 5, n (%) |
198 (24.6) |
96 (22.2) |
102 (27.4) |
| Over 5, n (%) |
154 (19.2) |
92 (21.3) |
62 (16.7) |
| Running sessions (No/week) |
3(2) |
3(2) |
3(2) |
0.146 |
| Up to 3, n (%) |
558 (69.4) |
304 (70.4) |
254 (68.3) |
0.52 |
| Over 3, n (%) |
246 (30.6) |
128 (29.6) |
118 (31.7) |
| Running duration (min/session) |
45(30) |
45(30) |
40(30) |
<0.001 |
| Up to 60, n (%) |
476 (59.2) |
235 (54.4) |
241 (64.8) |
0.003 |
| Over 60, n (%) |
358(40.8) |
197 (45.6) |
131 (35.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
23 (3.6) |
23 (3.9) |
23 (3.4) |
0.8 |
| Normal, n (%) |
644 (80.1) |
336 (77.8) |
308 (82.8) |
0.087 |
| Overweight, n (%) |
150 (18.7) |
92 (21.3) |
58 (15.6) |
| Obese, n (%) |
10 (1.2) |
4 (0.9) |
6 (1.6) |
| Foot type |
62 (7.7%) reported “do not know” |
| Normal, n (%) |
564 (70.1) |
282 (65.3) |
282 (75.8) |
<0.001 |
| Pes planus, n (%) |
131 (16.3) |
89 (20.6) |
42 (11.3) |
| Pes cavus, n (%) |
47 (5.8) |
35 (8.1) |
12 (3.2) |
| Running surface # Hard |
1.60 (1.13) |
1.83 (1.08) |
1.34 (1.14) |
<0.001 |
| Soft |
0.29 (0.71) |
0.28 (0.67) |
0.31 (0.76) |
0.92 |
| Treadmill |
0.67 (0.94) |
0.61 (0.79) |
0.73 (1.08) |
0.10 |
| Others |
0.18 (0.61) |
0.21 (0.69) |
0.15 (0.51) |
0.43 |
| Running company Group, n (%) |
252 (31.3) |
146 (33.8) |
106 (28.5) |
0.11 |
| Alone, n (%) |
552 (68.7) |
286 (66.2) |
266 (71.5) |
| Following a running program No, n (%) |
424 (52.7) |
213 (49.3) |
211 (56.7) |
0.036 |
| Yes, n (%) |
380 (47.3) |
219 (50.7) |
161 (43.3) |
| Other sports Yes, n (%) |
642 (79.9) |
358 (82.9) |
284 (76.3) |
0.021 |
| No, n (%) |
162 (20.1) |
74 (17.1) |
88 (23.7) |
| Special shoes No, n (%) |
248 (30.8) |
124 (33.3) |
124 (28.7) |
0.21 |
| Yes, n (%) |
556 (69.2) |
248 (66.7) |
308 (71.3) |
| Special insole No, n (%) |
687 (85.4) |
359 (83.1) |
328 (88.2) |
0.042 |
| Yes, n (%) |
117 (14.6) |
73 (16.9) |
44 (11.8) |
| Warm up Yes, n (%) |
740(92) |
392 (90.7) |
348 (93.5) |
0.143 |
| No, n (%) |
64(8) |
40 (9.3) |
24 (6.5) |
| Cool down Yes, n (%) |
672 (83.6) |
362 (83.8) |
310 (83.3) |
0.86 |
| No, n (%) |
132 (16.4) |
70 (16.2) |
62 (16.7) |
| Foot strike Rearfoot, n (%) |
432 (53.7) |
224 (51.9) |
208 (55.9) |
0.205 |
| Midfoot, n (%) |
192 (23.9) |
116 (26.9) |
76 (20.4) |
| Forefoot, n (%) |
148 (18.4) |
76 (17.6) |
72 (19.4) |
|
Continuous data are expressed as mean and standard deviation (tested by the Mann-Whitney test). All categorical data are expressed by number of runners and percentages (using Chi-square test). Type of surface: hard (cement, asphalt), treadmill, soft (gravel, grass, off-road track), and other (synthetic, sand). Bold p-value shows the statistically significant difference between those with and without injury history [p < 0.002 0.05/30 (the number of comparisons)]. |
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