Table 3. The effect of the twelve-week intervention on psychological parameters Outcome
MetS (n=33) non-MetS (n=41) p-Value*
GDS
Before 5.39 ±1.78 4.26 ±2.08 0.04
After 3.38 ±1.30 3.40 ±1.12 NS
Change 2.01 0.86
Cohen’s d 1.31 0.54
p-Value 0.008 NS
Stress level
Before 5.03 ±2.21 4.36 ±1.82 0.02
After 3.84 ±1.60 4.07 ±1.69 NS
Change 1.19 0.29
Cohen’s d 0.62 0.17
p-Value < 0.001 NS
Emotional Tension
Before 4.90 ±1.92 4.34 ±1.79 0.03
After 3.84 ±1.58 4.12 ±1.36 NS
Change 1.06 0.22
Cohen’s d 0.61 0.14
p-Value 0.002 NS
External Stress
Before 4.33 ±2.02 3.63 ±1.68 0.03
After 3.27 ±1.71 3.52 ±1.52 NS
Change 1.06 0.11
Cohen’s d 0.57 0.07
p-Value 0.002 NS
Intrapsychic stress
Before 5.06 ±2.17 4.34 ±1.87 NS
After 3.78 ±1.57 4.04 ±1.78 NS
Change 1.28 0.30
Cohen’s d 0.68 0.16
p-Value < 0.001 NS
*between group; GDS-Geriatric Depression Scale; NS-non significant