Table 2. Summary of sample demographics and methods used to measure inter-limb strength asymmetry in the included articles (N = 53) Article Quality Score Total Sample Size (N) Sample Characteristics Strength Asymmetry Test Strength Asymmetry Metric Isolated Functional Male Female Injured/Post-Surgery Uninjured Athlete Non-Athlete Young (≤55yrs) Old (>55yrs) Isokinetic Dynamometer Stabilised Dynamometer Hand-Held Dynamometer Weight-Training Machine Multi-Joint Strength Test Nordic Hamstring Jumping/Hopping Push-Up Seated Shot-Put Torque Force Power Impulse Jump/Hop Height Jump/Hop/Throw Distance Vertical GRF 1-RM Work Done RFD Abourezk et al., (2017) 22 36 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Ageberg & Roos, (2016) 23 54 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - Almeida et al., (2019) 24 70 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Ardern et al., (2015) 21 42 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Batty et al., (2019) 22 100 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Benjanuvatra et al., (2013) 20 58 ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - Bishop et al., (2019c) 20 28 ? ? - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - ✓ - - - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - - Bishop et al., (2019d) 21 16 - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - Bookbinder et al., (2020) 23 52 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Bourne et al., (2015) 22 178 ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - Carabello et al., (2010) 23 93 ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - Chmielewski et al., (2014) 20 125 ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - - Clark & Mullally, (2019) 23 23 - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Coratella et al., (2018) 24 27 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Costa Silva et al., (2015) 20 22 ? ? - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Dai et al., (2018) 23 499 ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - - de Lira et al., (2017) 21 112 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Dos’Santos et al., (2017a) 23 22 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - Dos'Santos et al., (2018) 22 20 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - Falstrom et al., (2017) 24 154 - ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2015) 21 29 - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2016) 20 79 ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - Guney-Deniz et al., (2019) 24 87 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - - - Hadzic et al., (2010) 20 183 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Harput et al., (2018) 22 72 ✓ - ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - - - Hart et al., (2014) 20 31 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - Hiemstra et al., (2008) 23 48 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Holsgaard-Larsen et al., (2015) 24 48 ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Hubbard et al., (2007) 23 60 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - Hughes et al., (2019) 21 125 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Kaminska et al., (2015) 22 34 ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - Lisee et al., (2019) 23 117 ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - Lloyd et al., (2020) 21 43 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - ✓ - - - ✓ - - - - Lockie et al., (2012) 20 16 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - Lockie et al., (2014 21 30 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Lockie et al., (2013) 20 16 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Lockie et al., (2016) 21 19 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - Madruga-Parera et al., (2019) 22 41 ? ? - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - Madruga-Perera et al., (2020) 20 42 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - Maloney et al., (2016) 21 18 ✓ - - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - Menzel et al., (2013) 20 46 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - ✓ - ✓ - Miles et al., (2019) 22 66 ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - - - Opar et al., (2015) 22 210 ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - Peebles et al., (2019) 23 30 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - Redden et al., (2018) 24 13 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - Table 2. Continue... Article Quality Score Total Sample Size (N) Sample Characteristics Strength Asymmetry Test Strength Asymmetry Metric Isolated Functional Male Female Injured/Post-Surgery Uninjured Athlete Non-Athlete Young (≤55yrs) Old (>55yrs) Isokinetic Dynamometer Stabilised Dynamometer Hand-Held Dynamometer Weight-Training Machine Multi-Joint Strength Test Nordic Hamstring Jumping/Hopping Push-Up Seated Shot-Put Torque Force Power Impulse Jump/Hop Height Jump/Hop/Throw Distance Vertical GRF 1-RM Work Done RFD Reid et al., (2007) 23 42 ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - Riemann & Davies, (2019) 20 24 ✓ ✓ - - - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - ✓ - - - ✓ - - - - Suchomel et al., (2016) 22 13 ✓ - - ✓ - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - ✓ - - - ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - - - ✓ Vanderstukken et al., (2019) 21 50 ✓ - - ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ ✓ - - - - - - - - Welling et al., (2019) 23 68 ✓ - ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Xergia et al., (2013) 24 44 ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - Zwolski et al., (2015) 22 139 ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - - - - ✓ - - - - - - - - - Zwolski et al., (2016) 22 45 - ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - ✓ - - - - - ✓ - - - Total 4 2 2 4 3 2 5 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 7 6 1 1 4 1 2 1 GRF = Ground Reaction Force, 1-RM = 1-Repetition Maximum, RFD = Rate of Force Development