Table 2. Summary of sample demographics and methods used to measure inter-limb strength asymmetry in the included articles (N = 53) |
Article |
Quality Score |
Total Sample Size (N) |
Sample Characteristics |
Strength Asymmetry Test |
Strength Asymmetry Metric |
Isolated |
Functional |
Male |
Female |
Injured/Post-Surgery |
Uninjured |
Athlete |
Non-Athlete |
Young (≤55yrs) |
Old (>55yrs) |
Isokinetic Dynamometer |
Stabilised Dynamometer |
Hand-Held Dynamometer |
Weight-Training Machine |
Multi-Joint Strength Test |
Nordic Hamstring |
Jumping/Hopping |
Push-Up |
Seated Shot-Put |
Torque |
Force |
Power |
Impulse |
Jump/Hop Height |
Jump/Hop/Throw Distance |
Vertical GRF |
1-RM |
Work Done |
RFD |
Abourezk et al., (2017) |
22 |
36 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ageberg & Roos, (2016) |
23 |
54 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Almeida et al., (2019) |
24 |
70 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ardern et al., (2015) |
21 |
42 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Batty et al., (2019) |
22 |
100 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Benjanuvatra et al., (2013) |
20 |
58 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
Bishop et al., (2019c) |
20 |
28 |
? |
? |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bishop et al., (2019d) |
21 |
16 |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bookbinder et al., (2020) |
23 |
52 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bourne et al., (2015) |
22 |
178 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Carabello et al., (2010) |
23 |
93 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
Chmielewski et al., (2014) |
20 |
125 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Clark & Mullally, (2019) |
23 |
23 |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Coratella et al., (2018) |
24 |
27 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Costa Silva et al., (2015) |
20 |
22 |
? |
? |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dai et al., (2018) |
23 |
499 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
de Lira et al., (2017) |
21 |
112 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dos’Santos et al., (2017a) |
23 |
22 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dos'Santos et al., (2018) |
22 |
20 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Falstrom et al., (2017) |
24 |
154 |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2015) |
21 |
29 |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al., (2016) |
20 |
79 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Guney-Deniz et al., (2019) |
24 |
87 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hadzic et al., (2010) |
20 |
183 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Harput et al., (2018) |
22 |
72 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hart et al., (2014) |
20 |
31 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hiemstra et al., (2008) |
23 |
48 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Holsgaard-Larsen et al., (2015) |
24 |
48 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hubbard et al., (2007) |
23 |
60 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hughes et al., (2019) |
21 |
125 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Kaminska et al., (2015) |
22 |
34 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
Lisee et al., (2019) |
23 |
117 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lloyd et al., (2020) |
21 |
43 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lockie et al., (2012) |
20 |
16 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lockie et al., (2014 |
21 |
30 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lockie et al., (2013) |
20 |
16 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lockie et al., (2016) |
21 |
19 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Madruga-Parera et al., (2019) |
22 |
41 |
? |
? |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Madruga-Perera et al., (2020) |
20 |
42 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maloney et al., (2016) |
21 |
18 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Menzel et al., (2013) |
20 |
46 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
Miles et al., (2019) |
22 |
66 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Opar et al., (2015) |
22 |
210 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peebles et al., (2019) |
23 |
30 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Redden et al., (2018) |
24 |
13 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Table 2. Continue... |
Article |
Quality Score |
Total Sample Size (N) |
Sample Characteristics |
Strength Asymmetry Test |
Strength Asymmetry Metric |
Isolated |
Functional |
Male |
Female |
Injured/Post-Surgery |
Uninjured |
Athlete |
Non-Athlete |
Young (≤55yrs) |
Old (>55yrs) |
Isokinetic Dynamometer |
Stabilised Dynamometer |
Hand-Held Dynamometer |
Weight-Training Machine |
Multi-Joint Strength Test |
Nordic Hamstring |
Jumping/Hopping |
Push-Up |
Seated Shot-Put |
Torque |
Force |
Power |
Impulse |
Jump/Hop Height |
Jump/Hop/Throw Distance |
Vertical GRF |
1-RM |
Work Done |
RFD |
Reid et al., (2007) |
23 |
42 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Riemann & Davies, (2019) |
20 |
24 |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Suchomel et al., (2016) |
22 |
13 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
Vanderstukken et al., (2019) |
21 |
50 |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Welling et al., (2019) |
23 |
68 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Xergia et al., (2013) |
24 |
44 |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
Zwolski et al., (2015) |
22 |
139 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Zwolski et al., (2016) |
22 |
45 |
- |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
✓ |
- |
- |
- |
Total |
4 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
6 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
GRF = Ground Reaction Force, 1-RM = 1-Repetition Maximum, RFD = Rate of Force Development |
|
|