Table 2. Genetic markers associated with exercise-induced weight loss efficiency. |
| Gene |
Polymorphism |
Cohort
(sex, sample size) |
Population |
Favorable
allele/ genotype |
Type of
exercise |
Outcome |
References |
| ACSL1 |
rs116143768
C/T |
n=126,
women
100% |
European |
Т |
aerobic
training for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the T allele, compared to those with the CC genotype, had significantly
reduced relative fat mass (by 31.4% vs. -3.8%, P=1.18×10-9) |
(Bojarczuk
et al., 2022) |
ADRA2B
ADRB3
ADRB2 |
rs28365031
I/D
rs4994 A/G
rs1042714 G/C |
n=70,
women
78,6% |
Mixed
(USA) |
Haplotype
[ADRA2B II, ADRB3 G],
Haplotype [ADRA2B
II,
ADRB2 G] |
aerobic
exercises of moderate intensity for 24 weeks |
carriers
of the haplotype [ADRA2B II, ADRB3 G],
compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, had significantly reduced total
body fat (-3.8±1.0 vs. -0.8±0.3 kg, P=0.007), relative total
body fat (-4.0±0.9%, P=0.009), and relative trunk fat (-4.8±1.1%,
P<0.01) carriers of the haplotype [ADRB3 G, ADRB2
G], compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, significantly reduced
total body fat (-3.2 ± 0.8 kg vs. -1.4±0.6 kg, P=0.031) and
relative total body fat (-4.2±0.8%, P<0.005) |
(Phares
et al., 2004) |
ADRB2
ADRB2
ADRB3
ADRA2A |
rs1042713
G/A
rs1042714 G/C
rs4994 A/G
rs553668 G/A |
n=163,
women
100% |
European |
Alleles
rs1042713 A, rs1042714 C, rs553668 A in combination |
aerobic
training for 12 weeks |
carriers
of a small number (0–3) of obesity risk alleles [rs1042713 G, rs1042714
G, rs553668 G] had significantly reduced relative total body fat compared
to carriers of a high number (5-6) of risk alleles (7.7±9.8% vs.
4.0±9.4%, P = 0.0362) |
(Leońska-Duniec
et al., 2018) |
| ADRB2 |
rs1042714
G/C |
n=70,
women
78,6% |
Mixed
(USA) |
G |
aerobic
exercises of moderate intensity for 24 weeks |
carriers
of the G allele, compared to carriers of the C allele, had significantly
reduced relative total body fat (-2.7±0.4% vs. -1.3±0.4%,
P=0.015) and relative trunk fat (-3.2±0.5% vs. -1.5±0.5%,
P=0.02 |
(Phares
et al., 2004) |
| ADRB3 |
rs4994
A/G |
n=70,
women
78,6% |
Mixed
(USA) |
G |
aerobic
exercises of moderate intensity for 6 months |
carriers
of the G allele, compared to individuals with the AA genotype, had significantly
reduced relative total body fat (-2.7±0.5% vs. -1.3±0.3%,
P=0.027) and relative trunk fat (3.1±0.6% vs. -1.6±0.3%, P=0.03) |
(Phares
et al., 2004) |
| ADRB3 |
rs4994
A/G |
n=65,
women
72,3% |
European |
AA |
aerobic
exercise on the background of a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks |
individuals
with the AA genotype, compared to individuals with the AG genotype, had
significantly reduced BMI (n/d, P<0.05), body mass (n/d, P<0.05),
fat mass (n/d, P<0.05), and waist circumference (WC) (n/d, P<0.05). |
(de Luis
et al., 2007) |
| AHSG |
rs4917
T/C |
n=105,
women
100% |
European |
TT |
high-intensity
aerobic exercise on the background of a hypocaloric diet for 10 weeks |
carriers
of the TT genotype, compared to carriers of the C allele, had significantly
reduced trunk fat (-3.7±11.4 kg vs. 1.5±15.1 kg, P<0.005) |
(Suchanek
et al., 2011) |
| COMT |
rs4680
G/A |
n=173,
women 100% |
Mixed
(USA) |
GG |
aerobic
exercise of moderate intensity for 1 year |
carriers
of the GG genotype, compared to carriers of the AA genotype, had significantly
reduced relative total body fat (-1.9% vs. -0.7%, P=0.05) |
(Tworoger
et al., 2004) |
| CYP19 |
(TTTA)n |
n=173,
women 100% |
Mixed
(USA) |
(TTTA)2-11 |
aerobic
exercise of moderate intensity for 1 year |
carriers
of the (TTTA)2-11 allele, compared to non-carriers, had significantly reduced
total body fat (-3.1 kg vs. -0.5 kg, P = 0.01) and relative total body fat
(-2.4% vs. -0.6%, P=0.001) |
(Tworoger
et al., 2004) |
| DRD2 |
rs1800497
C/T |
n=127,
women
100% |
European |
С |
resistance
training with weights on the background of a hypocaloric diet for 6 months |
carriers
of the C allele, compared to carriers of the T allele, had significantly
reduced BMI (-2.3 units vs. -1.4 units, P=0.001), body mass (-7 kg vs. -4.4
kg, P=0.001), and body fat mass (-6.2 kg vs. -4.4 kg, P=0.001) |
(Cameron
et al., 2013) |
| FABP2 |
rs1799883
T/C |
n= 69,
women
79,7%, |
European |
С |
aerobic
exercise in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the C allele, compared to individuals with the TT genotype, had significantly
reduced total body fat (-1.6 kg vs.-1.3 kg, P<0.05) |
(de Luis
et al., 2006) |
| FTO |
rs8050136
C/A |
n= 481,
women
51,8% |
European |
СС |
aerobic
exercise of low/moderate intensity for 20 weeks |
carriers
of the CC genotype, compared to individuals with the AA genotype, had significantly
reduced total body fat (-0.8±0.1 kg vs. -0.2±0.2 kg, P=0.0065)
and relative total body fat (-1.0±0.1% vs. -0.3±0.2%, P=0.0087) |
(Rankinen
et al., 2010) |
| IL15 |
rs1057972
A/T |
n= 163,
women
100% |
European |
A |
aerobic
exercise of moderate intensity for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the A allele, compared to individuals with the TT genotype, had significantly
reduced relative total body fat (n/d, P=0.00002) |
(Ficek
et al., 2019) |
| IL15 |
rs1589241
T/C
rs1057972 A/T |
n= 163,
women
100% |
European |
Haplotype
[TA] |
aerobic
exercise of moderate intensity for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the [TA] haplotype, compared to carriers of the [AT] haplotype, had significantly
reduced relative visceral fat (n/d, P=0.027) |
(Ficek
et al., 2019) |
| INSIG2 |
rs7566605
C/G |
n=752,
women
60% |
European |
GG |
resistance
training with added weight for 12 weeks |
among men,
carriers of the GG genotype, compared to carriers of the C allele, had significantly
reduced relative subcutaneous fat (-1.0±1.7% vs.6.4±1.8%,
P=0.035) |
(Orkunoglu-Suer
et al., 2008) |
| NYD-SP18 |
rs6971091
G/A |
n=139,
women
100% |
European |
GG |
high-intensity
aerobic exercise in conjunction with a hypocaloric diet for 10 weeks |
carriers
of the GG genotype, compared to carriers of the A allele, significantly
reduced fat mass (-5.0±3.3 kg vs. -3.7±3.5 kg, P=0.037) |
(Suchánek
et al., 2015) |
| PLIN1 |
rs1052700
A/T |
n=30,
women
100% |
American |
TT |
high-Intensity
Interval Training (HIIT) alongside a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the TT genotype, compared to carriers of the AA and AT genotypes, had
significantly reduced body fat mass (BFM)(-5.1±1.8 kg vs. -1.8±1.4
kg and vs. -2.1±2.3 kg, respectively, P=0.04) |
(Andrade-Mayorga
et al., 2021) |
| PPARG |
rs1801282
C/G |
n=201,
women
100% |
European |
СС |
aerobic
training for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the CC genotype had significantly reduced fat mass
(not specified,
P=0.0002) and relative fat mass (not specified, P=0.00003)
compared
to carriers of the G allele |
(Zarebska
et al., 2014) |
| PPARG |
rs1801282
C/G |
n=79,
women
45,6% |
European |
G |
aerobic
exercises for 10 weeks |
carriers
of the G allele, compared to individuals with the CC genotype, had significantly
reduced body mass (-1.8±1.8 kg vs. -0.3±1.4 kg, P<0.05 |
(Østergård
et al., 2005) |
| PPARG |
rs1801282
C/G |
n = 1004,
women
n/d |
Mixed |
G |
moderate-intensity
physical activity for one year (e.g., walking) |
carriers
of the G allele, compared to individuals with the CC genotype, significantly
reduced body mass (n/d, P = 0.04) and subcutaneous fat mass (n/d, P=0.03) |
(Franks
et al., 2007) |
| PPARGC1A |
rs17650401
С/Т |
n=39,
women
100% |
European |
T |
high-intensity
aerobic exercise alongside a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the T allele, compared to individuals with the CC genotype, had significantly
reduced relative body fat mass (BFM)
by 2.5 times (P = 0.00013) |
(Mazur
et al., 2020) |
| TCF7L2 |
rs7903146
C/T |
n=309,
women
62,8% |
European |
СС |
moderate-intensity
physical activity over the course of 2 years |
carriers
of the CC genotype, compared to carriers of the T allele, significantly
reduced BMI (-1.2±1.6 units vs. -0.7±1.5 units, P=0.0034),
non-visceral
fat mass (-2.7±3.6 kg vs. -1.3±2.9 kg,
P=0.0022), and visceral
fat mass (-0.5±0.6 kg vs. -0.3±0.6
kg, P=0.0165) |
(Haupt
et al., 2010) |
| UCP2 |
I/D |
n=42,
women
100% |
East Asian |
D |
moderate-intensity
aerobic exercise for 6 months |
carriers
of the DD and ID genotypes, compared to carriers of the II genotype, had
significantly reduced body mass (-1.57 kg, P=0.001 for DD; -2.03 kg, P=0.003
for ID), body mass index (BMI) (-0.64 units, P=0.001 for DD; -0.83 units,
P=0.003 for ID), relative fat mass (-1.24%, P=0.014 for DD), and waist circumference
(WC) (-5.56 cm, P<0.001 for DD; -5.63 cm, P<0.001 for ID) |
(Lim and
Shin, 2014) |
| UCP3 |
rs1800849
C/T |
n=107,
women
74,7% |
European |
СС |
low-intensity
aerobic exercise alongside a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks |
carriers
of the CC genotype, compared to carriers of the T allele, had significantly
reduced fat mass (-2.9 kg, P<0.05) and waist circumference (WC) (-3.5
cm, P<0.05) |
(de Luis
et al., 2008) |
|
n/d- no data; МТ- body mass; BMI- body mass index, FМ- fat mass; WC- waist circumference. |
|