Table 2. Mean differences (MD) and lower as well as upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between the pBFR and BFR condition for performance, physiological, and perceptual measures.
MD (95% CI) [pBFR – BFR]
Systolic blood flow velocity [cm·s-1] -0.8 (-3.2 to 1.6)###
Maximal voluntary torque Pre [Nm] -3.3 (-9.5 to 3.0)####
Post [Nm] 3.2 (-14.4 to 20.7)##
Percentage decline [%] -0.9 (-8.2 to 6.4)###
Maximal muscle activity during MVIC Pre [µV] -5.0 (-49.0 to 39.1)###
Post [µV] -12.6 (-56.7 to 31.4)##
Percentage decline [%] 1.1 (-7.2 to 9.3)##
Muscle activity during exercise [% of sEMG-MVIC] Set 1 0.6 (-3.4 to 4.6)###
Set 2 -0.4 (-4.4 to 3.5)###
Set 3 -0.6 (-4.6 to 3.4)###
Set 4 -1.1 (-5.0 to 2.9)###
SmO2 during sets [%] (%-change from baseline) Set 1 -1.1 (-9.5 to 7.3)###
Set 2 1.1 (-7.3 to 9.5)###
Set 3 2.3 (-6.1 to 10.7)####
Set 4 -1.7 (-6.6 to 10.1)###
SmO2 during rest intervals [%] (%-change from baseline) Rest 1 3.1 (-4.4 to 10.)###
Rest 2 6.3 (-1.1 to 13.8)###
Rest 3 6.6 (-0.9 to 14.0)###
tHb during sets [a. u.] (%-change from baseline) Set 1 -1.0 (-1.9 to 0.5)##
Set 2 -0.7 (-1.8 to 0.4)###
Set 3 -0.9 (-1.9 to 0.2)###
Set 4 -1.2 (-2.2 to -0.1)###
tHb during rest intervals [a. u.] (%-change from baseline) Rest 1 -0.8 (-1.9 to 0.2)###
Rest 2 -1.0 (-2.1 to 0.0)###
Rest 3 -1.2 (-2.3 to -0.1)###
Effort perception [a. u.] Set 1 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.7)
Set 2 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.7)
Set 3 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.7)
Set 4 0.3 (-1.1 to 1.7)##
Exercise-induced leg muscle pain perception [a. u.] Set 1 -0.0 (-1.4 to 1.3)##
Set 2 -0.1 (-1.4 to 1.3)##
Set 3 -0.1 (-1.5 to 1.2)##
Set 4 -0.2 (-1.6 to 1.2)###
Cuff pressure-induced discomfort perception [a. u.] Pre -0.6 (-1.3 to 0.1)##
Post -1.1 (-1.8 to -0.4)###
MVIC: maximum voluntary isometric contraction, sEMG: surface electromyography, SmO2: muscle oxygenation, tHb: total hemoglobin concentration. Significant correlation between conditions (Pearson’s r / Spearman’s ρ) are presented as follows:
#weak = 0.1-0.39
##moderate = 0.4-0.69
###strong = 0.7-0.89
####very strong = 0.9-1.0.