Table 2. Summary of quality assessment findings (GRADE).
Outcome Certainty assessment ™– of patients Effect Certainty
™– of studies Study design Risk of bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Other considerations CART ST p-value Absolute (95% CI)
BW (kg) 5 RCT not serious not serious not serious seriousb none 231 224 0.95 SMD 0.04 lower
(1.23 lower to 1.15 higher)		 ⊕⊕⊕◯
Moderate
BMI (kg/m2) 6 RCT seriouse seriousc not serious seriousb none 213 216 0.04 SMD 0.57 lower
(1.12 lower to 0.02 lower)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
BMI (≤16 wks) 4 RCT seriouse not serious not serious seriousb none 179 189 0.04 SMD 0.21 lower
(0.42 lower to 0)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
BMI (>16 wks) 2 RCT seriouse very seriousa not serious seriousb none 34 27 0.27 SMD 2.49 lower
(6.91 lower to 1.93 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
HC (cm) 2 RCT seriousd not serious not serious seriousb none 97 94 0.02 MD 3.14 lower
(4.77 lower to 1.52 lower)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
WC (cm) 2 RCT seriousd not serious not serious seriousb none 97 94 0.19 MD 3.63 lower
(9.02 lower to 1.77 higher)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
WHR 2 RCT seriousd seriousc not serious seriousb none 60 62 0.34 MD 0.05 lower
(0.15 lower to 0.05 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
BF (%) 6 RCT seriousd seriousc not serious seriousb none 157 148 0.02 SMD 0.5 lower
(0.93 lower to 0.07 lower)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
FM (kg) 4 RCT not serious seriousc not serious seriousb none 174 173 0.04 SMD 0.76 lower
(1.44 lower to 0.08 lower)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
FFM (kg) 2 RCT seriousd not serious not serious seriousb none 56 55 <0.01 SMD 1.03 higher
(0.63 higher to 1.43 higher)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
TC (mmol/L) 2 RCT not serious not serious not serious seriousb none 87 83 <0.01 SMD 0.95 lower
(1.37 lower to 0.52 lower)		 ⊕⊕⊕◯
Moderate
HDL-C (mmol/L) 3 RCT not serious very seriousa not serious seriousb none 133 128 0.008 MD 8 higher
(2.05 higher to 13.94 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
LDL-C (mmol/L) 2 RCT not serious very seriousa not serious seriousb none 56 55 <0.01 SMD 1.4 lower
(5.22 lower to 2.41 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
TG (mg/Dl) 1 RCT not seriousa very seriousa not serious seriousb none 46 45 <0.01 MD 81.9 lower
(91.21 lower to 72.59 lower)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
IL-6 (pg/mL) 6 RCT not serious not serious not serious seriousb none 177 163 0.33 SMD 0.11 lower
(0.32 lower to 0.11 higher)		 ⊕⊕⊕◯
Moderate
IL-8 (pg/mL) 3 RCT not serious very seriousa not serious seriousb none 86 85 0.20 SMD 1.32 lower
(3.33 lower to 0.7 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
TNF-α (pg/mL) 4 RCT not serious seriousc not serious seriousb none 130 126 0.03 SMD 0.89 lower
(1.7 lower to 0.08 lower)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
CRP (mg/dL) 3 RCT not serious very seriousa not serious seriousb none 113 105 0.23 SMD 1.69 lower
(4.42 lower to 1.05 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
ADPN (ug/mL) 2 RCT seriousd very seriousa not serious seriousb none 61 59 0.36 MD 5.06 higher
(5.82 lower to 15.93 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
LEP (ng/mL) 4 RCT not serious seriousc not serious seriousb none 122 114 0.03 SMD 0.63 lower
(1.2 lower to 0.06 lower)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
NK cells (%) 2 RCT not serious not serious not serious seriousb none 50 47 0.04 SMD 0.42 higher
(0.01 higher to 0.82 higher)		 ⊕⊕⊕◯
Moderate
FA (score) 4 RCT seriouse very seriousa not serious seriousb none 168 180 0.03 SMD 0.98 lower
(1.85 lower to 0.11 lower)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
SQ (score) 2 RCT not serious seriousf not serious seriousb none 70 72 0.01 SMD 1.17 lower
(1.76 lower to 0.57 lower)		 ⊕⊕◯◯
Low
QoL (score) 4 RCT seriouse very seriousa not serious seriousb none 174 182 0.02 SMD 2.94 higher
(0.46 higher to 5.41 higher)		 ⊕◯◯◯
Very low
ADPN: Adiponectin, AE: Aerobic Exercise, BC: Breast Cancer, BF: Body Fat, BM: Body Weight, BMI: Body Mass Index, BMD: Bone Mineral Density, C: Control Group, CART: Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training, CI: confidence intervals, CRF: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, CRP: C-Reactive Protein, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, DEP: Depression, EX: Exercise Group, FA: Cancer-related Fatigue, FFM: Fat-Free Mass, FG: Fasting Glucose, FI: Fasting Insulin, FM: Fat Mass, HC: hip circumference, HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HRmax: Maximum Heart Rate, HRR: Heart Rate Reserve, IL: Interleukin, LEP: Leptin, LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, MD: mean difference, NK: Natural Killer, RCT: randomized control trial, RT: Resistance Training, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, SMD: standardized mean difference, ST: standard treatment, SQ: Sleep Quality, TC: Total Cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor α, QoL: Quality of Life, WC: Waist circumference, WHR: Waist-to-Hip Ratio, 1-RM: Repetition Maximum, a: there is considerable heterogeneity in the study's outcome, b: the included studies recorded a small sample size for both the control and intervention group, c: there is substantial heterogeneity in the studies, d: The assessor was not blinding, e: participants were aware of all exercise procedures, f: there is moderate heterogeneity in the involved studies.