Table 2. Study characteristics and absolute reliability in older adults (>60 years old).
Author (Year)
Age (yr)
Sex
Device
Interval
Arm
HGS test1
HGS test2
MD (kg)
% MD
Anstey et al. (1997)
67.92
(4.89)
50W
Spedly
manual
3
months
Right
25.52 (4.55)
26.15 (5.91)
5.50
21.3
Left
22.63 (4.16)
23.48 (5.03)
4.61
20.0
Lemmink et al. (2001)
65.8
(7.03)
68M
Jamar
7
days
Preferred
43.9
(8.00)
44.7
(8.45)
7.53
17.0
66.1
(6.75)
83W
28.1
(5.30)
29.3
(5.55)
6.17
21.5
Bohannon & Schaubert (2005)
75.0
(5.9)
4M
17W
Jamar
12
weeks
Right
26.70 (7.39)
25.83 (7.05)
5.94
22.6
Left
24.71 (7.69)
24.36 (7.44)
4.51
18.4
Villafane et al. (2016)
67.5
(10.2)
6M
9W
Jamar
7
days
Dominant
25.8
(9.9)
25.8
(9.9)
0.67
2.6
Nondominant
24.4
(10.5)
24.3
(10.6)
2.22
9.1
Jenkins & Cramer (2017)
76.8
(6.3)
98M
Jamar
12 weeks
NR
29.76 (9.27)
29.62 (8.83)
5.49
18.5
24 weeks
30.42 (9.09)
30.61 (8.98)
5.07
16.6
75.9
(6.6)
159W
12 weeks
17.60 (6.10)
17.63 (6.08)
3.38
19.2
24 weeks
18.17 (5.82)
18.27 (5.72)
2.66
14.6
Abe et al.
(2018)
72 (3.8)
34M 46W
Takei
1 year
Right
31.8 (7.9)
29.5 (6.8)
6.4
21.1
Suzuki et
al. (2019)
?65
197M 21W
Takei
NA
Dominant
26.3 (6.8)
26.0 (6.8)
3.94
15.1
Legg et al. (2020)
71(10)
6M
11W
Jamar
48
hours
Dominant
34.7
(15.1)
35.1
(14.4)
5.92
17.0
Nondominant
32.6
(16.6)
33.6
(16.3)
4.60
13.9
Beauchamp et al. (2021)
69(3)
29M 521W
NR
7
days
Dominant
37.08 (12.79)
39.08 (13.23)
10.64
28.0
81(4)
29M 20W
29.41 (9.28)
36.65 (12.63)
5.16
15.6
Boshnjaku
et al. (2021)
70.7 (6.1)
22M 39W
Jamar
7-97 days
Dominant
29.2 (9.2)
28.8 (9.3)
5.29
18.3
Ferreira et al. (2021)
84.5
(6.5)
15M
28W
Baseline
Smedley
7
days
Dominant
18.9 (5.9)
18.9 (5.8)
3.49
18.5
Non-dominant
17.1 (5.6)
17.4 (5.4)
2.91
16.9
Gil et al. (2022)
70.5
(5.0)
6M
6W
Straingauge
7
days
Right
29.5
(8.4)
29.2
(8.0)
2.27
7.7
Left
26.9
(7.8)
28.5
(7.1)
2.92
10.5
M, men; W, women; Avg, average; NR, not reported; MD, minimal difference; %MD, percentage of a minimal difference to the measured value; HGS, handgrip strength (unit in kilograms)