Table 3. The anthropometric, aerobic fitness, and vascular function parameters of participants pre- vs. post-training programs. Data are shown as mean (SD). |
| Parameters |
aHIIT |
aMICT |
Control |
| Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
| Weight
(kg) n |
80.5 (14.0) |
78.9 (14.4)
** |
80.7 (10.8) |
79.7 (10.7) |
81.8 (10.8) |
82.5(10.9) |
| Body
mass index (kg/m2) n |
27.1
(1.8) |
26.6
(2.1) ** |
27.4
(2.1) |
27.1
(1.9) * |
27.4
(2.0) |
27.5
(2.0) |
| Fat
(kg) |
20.3 (4.8) |
18.8 (5.9) |
22.9 (5.6) |
21.2 (6.9) |
21.6 (7.0) |
20.9 (5.4) |
| Fat
(%) |
26.1
(6.0) |
24.2
(6.6)***,a |
27.9
(7.1) |
25.7
(8.3) **,a |
24.1
(7.5) |
25.2
(5.5) |
| Skeletal
muscle (kg) |
33.5 (7.4) |
34.4 (7.4)
*** |
33.0 (6.5) |
33.9 (6.6) |
34.7 (6.0) |
35.8 (7.2) |
| VO2max
(mL/kg/min) n |
32.1
(5.9) |
33.0
(6.1) ** |
28.9
(4.2) |
29.5
(4.7) *** |
31.3
(10.8) |
32.5
(9.1) |
| Resting
heart rate (bpm) |
70.7 (6.7) |
68.5 (6.6)
b |
77.7 (7.7) |
66.6 (7.3)
***,a |
67.9 (9.7) |
67.1 (9.8) |
| Systolic
pressure (mmHg) |
116.2 (10.5) |
114.5 (11.3) |
109.2 (14.5) |
111.9 (12.5) |
119.7 (14.7) |
116.7 (9.2) |
| Diastolic
pressure (mmHg) n |
63.2 (7.7) |
62.1 (7.3)
b |
60.3 (12.7) |
67.8 (8.4) |
70.3 (10.2) |
67.7 (9.7) |
| ABI
Left |
1.07 (0.06) |
1.04 (0.05)
b |
1.02 (0.10) |
1.07 (0.06) |
1.02 (0.09) |
1.00 (0.09) |
| ABI
Right |
1.08 (0.04) |
1.02 (0.05)**,b |
1.02 (0.09) |
1.04 (0.07) |
1.02 (0.08) |
1.01 (0.07) |
| Pulse
wave velocity |
| baPWV
Left (m/s) |
9.83 (0.83) |
9.68 (1.13) |
9.55 (1.79) |
9.80 (0.99) |
9.66 (1.01) |
9.48 (1.16) |
| baPWV
Right (m/s) |
9.81 (0.98) |
9.88 (1.34) |
9.76 (1.82) |
9.80 (0.99) |
9.83 (1.17) |
9.68 (1.32) |
| cfPWV
(m/s) |
6.07 (0.64) |
6.12 (0.99) |
6.04 (1.47) |
6.05 (0.83) |
6.01 (1.11) |
5.91 (0.95) |
| Brachial
endothelium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basal
diameter (mm) |
3.94 (0.54) |
3.96 (0.54) |
3.98 (0.56) |
3.95 (0.42) |
3.89 (0.68) |
3.88 (0.81) |
| Peak
diameter (mm) |
4.40 (0.60) |
4.53 (0.64)*** |
4.51 (0.60) |
4.56 (0.54) |
4.42 (0.75) |
4.36 (0.90) |
| FMD |
11.52 (3.13) |
14.23 (4.19)*** |
13.92 (3.62) |
15.79 (3.38) |
14.11 (9.52) |
12.50 (8.99) |
|
VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; ABI, ankle-brachial index; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; FMD, flow-mediated dilation. |
*** p < 0.001 vs. pre-training. |
a Significantly difference from Control |
b Significantly difference from aMICT. |
|