Table 4. Results of Tethered Swimming Test in 3 conditions.
Male Swimmers Female Swimmers
Pre Post Changes Pre Post Changes
Whole Body EG IMPsum 2284 ± 694 2369 ± 564 85 ± 293 1908 ± 332 1976 ± 207 68 ± 252
IMPmean 55 ± 15 60 ± 18 5.3 ± 7.5 52 ± 11 52 ± 9 0.8 ± 3.4
Fmean 83 ± 23 85 ± 20 1.3 ± 9.5 68 ± 12 71 ± 7 2.4 ± 8.9
CG IMPsum 2849 ± 884 2830 ± 819 -19 ± 185 1880 ± 324 1982 ± 442 102 ± 142
IMPmean 69 ± 17 66 ± 14 -2.9 ± 5.6 47 ± 8 49 ± 10 2.0 ± 3.1
Fmean 102 ± 32 101 ± 29 -0.7 ± 6.6 67 ± 11 71 ± 16 3.4 ± 5.4
Arms Stroking
Only
EG IMPsum 1693 ± 533 1712 ± 482 19 ± 229 1305 ± 162 1410 ± 127 105 ± 180
IMPmean 43 ± 14 46 ± 16 2.7 ± 8.0 35 ± 5 39 ± 5 3.7 ± 3.1*
Fmean 62 ± 19 61 ± 17 -0.9 ± 6.8 47 ± 6 50 ± 5 3.8 ± 6.4
CG IMPsum 2142 ± 445 2136 ± 460 -6 ± 257 1289 ± 158 1208 ± 122 -81 ± 153
IMPmean 51 ± 12 51 ± 10 0.3 ± 6.7 34 ± 6 34 ± 8 -0.3 ± 6.0
Fmean 77 ± 16 76 ± 16 -0.2 ± 9.2 46 ± 6 43 ± 4 -2.9 ± 5.5
Legs Kicking Only EG IMPsum 967 ± 339 995 ± 256 28 ± 111 858 ± 127 877 ± 175 19 ± 56
Fmean 35 ± 11 36 ± 9 0.6 ± 3.1 31 ± 5 31 ± 6 0.7 ± 2.0
CG IMPsum 1269 ± 318 1139 ± 305 -130 ± 175 * 857 ± 183 901 ± 206 44 ± 33*
Fmean 45 ± 11 41 ± 11 -4.7 ± 6.3 * 31 ± 7 32 ± 7 1.6 ± 1.2
*p <0.05, significant within group differences;
† p<0.05, significant time*group effects. Abbreviations: CG: Control group; EG: Experimental group; Fmax: Maximum force; Fmean: Mean force; IMPmean: Mean of Impulse of Force; IMPsum: Sum of Impulse of Force.