Table 4. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) and inferential statistics for the within- and between-group comparisons for the overall participants. |
|
Indicators
and Groups |
Pre |
Mid |
Post |
Change
scores
with 95% CI |
Between-group
differences
at Post (adjusted means) |
ES (95%CI) |
Body
mass
(kg) |
SSG (n
= 30) |
69.49 ±
11.41 |
66.40 ±
11.03 |
64.25 ±
10.80* |
-5.24 (-5.97,
-4.51) |
SSG vs
HIIT: 0.040 (-6.623, 6.703) |
0.004 (-0.502,
0.510) |
| HIIT
(n = 30) |
70.15
± 10.86 |
66.50
± 10.36 |
64.21
± 10.05* |
-5.94
(-6.67, -5.22) |
SSG
vs CG: -4.858 (-11.521, 1.805) |
-0.464
(-1.00,0.79) |
| CG (n =
30) |
69.69 ±
10.14 |
69.58 ±
10.29 |
69.11 ±
10.13 |
-0.59 (-1.31,
0.14) |
HIIT vs
CG: -4.898 (-11.561, 1.765) |
-0.485
(1.020,0.022) |
BMI
(kg/m2) |
SSG
(n = 30) |
22.86
± 2.94 |
21.82
± 2.86 |
21.09
± 2.73* |
-1.77
(-2.02, -1.52) |
SSG
vs HIIT: -0.483 (-2.214, 1.247) |
-0.171(-0.678,
0.336) |
| HIIT (n
= 30) |
23.57 ±
3.15 |
22.35 ±
3.04 |
21.57 ±
2.91* |
-2.00 (-2.24,
-1.75) |
SSG vs
CG:-1.953 (-3.684, -0.223) |
-0.755
(-1.31,-0.20) |
| CG
(n = 30) |
23.28
± 2.34 |
23.22
± 2.33 |
23.04
± 2.30 |
-0.24
(-0.48, 0.01) |
HIIT
vs CG:-1.470 (-3.201, 0.261) |
-0.561
(-1.102, -0.021) |
SBP
(mmHg) |
SSG (n
= 30) |
128.60
± 3.71 |
125.57
± 3.96 |
122.70
± 3.88* |
-5.90 (-6.44,
-5.36) |
SSG vs
HIIT: 0.567 (-1.661, 2.795) |
0.158 (-0.350,
0.664) |
| HIIT
(n = 30) |
128.40
± 3.80 |
125.60
± 3.58 |
122.13
± 3.27* |
-6.27
(-6.80, -5.73) |
SSG
vs CG:-5.433 (-7.661, -3.205) |
-1.466
(-1.98, -0.96) |
| CG (n =
30) |
128.73
± 3.43 |
128.67
± 3.29 |
128.13
± 3.53 |
-0.60 (-1.14,
-0.06) |
HIIT vs
CG:-6.000 (-8.228, -3.772) |
-1.764
(-2.253, -1.213) |
DBP
(mmHg) |
SSG
(n = 30) |
83.60
± 4.61 |
81.97
± 4.48 |
80.20
± 4.41* |
-3.40
(-4.11, -2.69) |
SSG
vs HIIT: 0.433 (-2.065, 2.932) |
0.112
(-0.395, 0.618) |
| HIIT (n
= 30) |
83.43 ±
3.52 |
81.73 ±
3.33 |
79.77 ±
3.27* |
-3.67 (-4.38,
-2.96) |
SSG vs
CG:--2.333 (-4.832,0.165) |
-0.562
(-1.04, -0.59) |
| CG
(n = 30) |
83.10
± 3.70 |
82.77
± 3.94 |
82.53
± 3.89 |
-0.57
(-1.28, 0.14) |
HIIT
vs CG:-2.767 (-5.265,-0.268) |
0.77
(-1.274, -0.258) |
| Resting
HR (bpm) |
SSG (n
= 30) |
72.30 ±
4.04 |
69.87 ±
4.08 |
66.83 ±
3.76* |
-5.47 (-6.18,
-4.76) |
SSG vs
HIIT:-0.533 (-2.721, 1.654) |
-0.156
(-0.663, 0.351) |
| HIIT
(n = 30) |
73.30
± 3.77 |
71.07
± 3.70 |
67.37
± 3.02* |
-5.93
(-6.64, -5.22) |
SSG
vs CG:-5.267 (-7.454, -3.079) |
-1.530
(-2.03, -1.02) |
| CG (n =
30) |
72.73 ±
3.38 |
72.07 ±
3.16 |
72.10 ±
3.10 |
-0.63 (-1.34,
0.08) |
HIIT vs
CG:-4.733 (-6.921,-2.546) |
-1.546
(-2.041, -1.000) |
Handgrip
Left
(kg) |
SSG
(n = 30) |
35.95
± 6.11 |
37.03
± 6.36 |
38.13
± 6.40* |
-2.18
(-2.41, -1.96) |
SSG
vs HIIT:0.873 (-3.018, 4.764) |
0.136
(-0.371, 0.642 |
| HIIT (n
= 30) |
35.92 ±
6.19 |
36.36 ±
6.47 |
37.26 ±
6.42* |
-1.34 (-1.56,
-1.11) |
SSG vs
CG:2.077 (-1.814, 5.968) |
0.338 (-0.21,
0.87) |
| CG
(n = 30) |
35.74
± 5.82 |
35.64
± 5.98 |
36.06
± 5.88* |
-0.32
(-0.55, -0.10) |
HIIT
vs CG:1.203 (-2.688, 5.094) |
0.2
(-0.32, 0.72) |
| Handgrip
Right (kg) |
SSG (n
= 30) |
37.66 ±
5.89 |
39.32 ±
6.06 |
40.97 ±
6.37* |
-3.32 (-3.68,-2.95) |
SSG vs
HIIT:-1.417 (-5.312, 2.478) |
0.219 (-0.290,
0.726) |
| HIIT
(n = 30) |
37.76
± 6.37 |
38.47
± 6.45 |
39.56
± 6.57* |
-1.80
(2.16,-1.43) |
SSG
vs CG:-2.077 (-5.972, 1.818) |
0.432
(-0.68, 0.95) |
| CG (n =
30) |
37.94 ±
5.90 |
38.13 ±
5.95 |
38.31 ±
5.97* |
-0.36 (-0.76,-0.00) |
HIIT vs
CG:-0.660 (-4.555, 3.235) |
0.2 (-0.32,
0.74) |
| 1RM
(kg) |
SSG
(n = 30) |
46.73
± 8.69 |
50.33
± 8.84 |
53.57
± 9.20* |
-6.83
(-7.41, -6.25) |
SSG
vs HIIT: 0.333 (-5.189, 5.856) |
0.035
(-0.471, 0.541) |
| HIIT (n
= 30) |
47.10 ±
8.83 |
50.73 ±
9.12 |
53.23 ±
9.65* |
-6.13 (-6.71,
-5.55) |
SSG vs
CG: 6.067 (0.544, 11.589) |
0.694 (0.18,1.23) |
| CG
(n = 30) |
46.70
± 7.94 |
47.17
± 8.06 |
47.50
± 8.27* |
-0.80
(-1.38, -0.22) |
HIIT
vs CG:5.733 (0.211, 11.256) |
0.638
(0.115,1.227) |
| 20
m MFT (m) |
SSG (n
= 30) |
448.67
± 117.29 |
536.00
± 135.99 |
634.67
± 133.80* |
186.00
(169.98, 202.02) |
SSG vs
HIIT: -12.667 (-95.538, 70.205) |
-0.099
(-0.605, 0.408) |
| HIIT
(n = 30) |
434.67
± 120.91 |
544.00
± 123.11 |
647.33
± 121.99* |
212.67
(196.65, 228.69) |
SSG
vs CG: 184.667 (101.795, 267.538) |
1.329
(0.80, 1.81) |
| CG (n =
30) |
443.33
± 144.71 |
446.00
± 143.57 |
450.00
± 144.01 |
6.67 (-9.35,
22.69) |
HIIT vs
CG:197.333 (114.462, 280.205) |
1.48 (0.97,
2.01) |
VO2max
(ml/kg/min) |
SSG
(n = 30) |
33.41
± 4.93 |
36.54
± 5.79 |
40.40
± 5.82* |
-6.99
(-7.76, -6.23) |
SSG
vs HIIT: -0.553 (-3.885, 2.778) |
-0.098
(-0.596, 0.409) |
| HIIT (n
= 30) |
32.76 ±
4.36 |
36.62 ±
5.10 |
40.95 ±
5.51* |
-8.20 (-8.96,
-7.43) |
SSG vs
CG: 6.993 (3.662, 10.325) |
1.237 (0.72,
1.77) |
| CG
(n = 30) |
33.32
± 5.43 |
33.30
± 5.56 |
33.41
± 5.49 |
-0.09
(-0.85, 0.67) |
HIIT
vs CG:7.547 (4.215, 10.878) |
1.37
(0.88, 1.92) |
|
SSG: small-side games; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; CG: control group; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; 1RM: One – Repetition Maximum; 20-meter multi-stage fitness test (20 m MFT); VO2max: maximal oxygen uptake; * significantly differences between the pre and the post (p < 0.05). |
|