Table 3. Pre- and post-intervention hormonal and hematological measurements in each group.
Variables Group Pre-Test Post-Test ES+[95%Cl] Δ% Main and Interaction Effects Post-hoc pairwise comparisons
Between-group p ES+[95%Cl]
T LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 587.3±109.5
669.9±112.8
597.6±148.6		 686.4±97.5*
786.7±101.9*#586.4±148.6		 0.78[0.37,1.20]
0.87[0.46,1.29]
-0.12[-0.55,0.32]		 19.5%
18.2%
-1.0%		 Time:p<0.001
Group:p=0.045
Interaction:p=0.004		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 1.000
0.046
0.286		 0.90[0.30,1.50]
0.99[0.39,1.59]
0.09[-0.49,0.67]
C LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 21.3±2.3
20.8±1.8
21.2±4.1		 19.8±3.9
19.6±4.1
22.8±2.7		 0.54[-0.31,1.38]
0.43[-0.42,1.28]
-0.56[-1.46,0.33]		 -6.9%
-5.9%
12.6%		 Time:p=0.587
Group:p=0.265
Interaction:p=0.154		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.675
0.361
1.000		 1.10[-0.14,2.34]
1.00[-0.24,2.23]
-0.11[-1.31,1.10]
WBC LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 6.2±1.1
6.4±1.3
7.7±2.6		 6.6±1.1
6.7±1.2
7.7±2.2		 0.23[-0.58,1.04]
0.16[-0.65,0.97]
-0.01[-0.86,0.84]		 5.3%
3.8%
-1.2%		 Time:p=0.592
Group:p=0.053
Interaction:p=0.910		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.084
0.124
1.000		 0.24[-0.93,1.42]
0.17[-1.00,1.35]
-0.07[-1.22,1.07]
RBC LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 5.0±0.3
5.3±0.4
5.3±0.3		 5.2±0.4
5.4±0.7
5.3±0.2		 0.51[-0.01,1.04]
0.30[-0.22,0.83]
-0.10[-0.65,0.45]		 4.0%
2.1%
-0.3%		 Time:p=0.123
Group:p=0.308
Interaction:p=0.262		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.598
1.000
0.559		 0.61[-0.15,1.37
0.41[-0.35,1.16]
-0.21[-0.95,0.53]
Hb LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 15.0±1.2
15.2±1.1
15.7±1.2		 15.1±1.0
15.8±0.8*
15.8±0.7		 0.31[-0.04,0.65]
0.48[0.13,0.83]
0.09[-0.27,0.46]		 2.8%
4.0%
1.1%		 Time:p=0.006
Group:p=0.411
Interaction:p=0.298		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.559
1.000
1.000		 0.22[-0.28,0.72]
0.39[-0.11,0.89]
0.17[-0.32,0.66]
HCT LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 49.0±3.0
48.8±2.5
46.3±2.3		 47.7±1.7
48.3±2.6
46.2±3.3		 -0.49[-0.98,0.01]
-0.13[-0.63,0.36]
0.05[-0.57,0.47]		 -2.5%
-0.5%
0.5%		 Time:p=0.191
Group:p=0.104
Interaction:p=0.307		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.251
0.149
1.000		 -0.54[-1.26,0.18]
-0.18[-0.90,0.54]
0.36[-0.34,1.06]
RDW LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 12.4±0.3
12.8±1.1
12.3±0.5		 12.1±0.3*
12.4±1.0**
12.1±0.5		 0.43[0.09,0.77]
0.48[0.13,0.82]
0.21[-0.16,0.57]		 -2.5%
-2.6%
-1.1%		 Time:p<0.001
Group:p=0.375
Interaction:p=0.508		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 1.000
0.701
0.674		 0.22[-0.28,0.72]
0.27[-0.23,0.77]
0.05[-0.44,0.53]
MCH LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 29.4±3.6
29.7±1.4
29.1±1.2		 29.6±3.6
30.2±1.3
29.1±2.0		 0.22[-0.06,0.51]
0.16[-0.12,0.45]
-0.10[-0.40,0.20]		 2.0%
1.3%
-0.9%		 Time:p=0.252
Group:p=0.667
Interaction:p=0.260		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 1.000
1.000
1.000		 0.32[-0.09,0.73]
0.26[-0.15,0.67]
-0.06[-0.46,0.34]
MCHC LL-CT
ML-CT
CON		 31.9±1.5
31.8±0.7
31.5±1.2		 32.9±1.2**
33.2±0.6**
32.3±1.8		 0.97[0.28,1.66]
1.09[0.40,1.78]
0.56[-0.16,1.29]		 4.2%
4.0%
1.6%		 Time:p<0.001
Group:p=0.289
Interaction:p=0.536		 LL-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs CON
ML-CT vs LL-CT		 0.477
0.555
1.000		 0.32[-0.09,0.73]
0.26[-0.15,0.67]
-0.06[-0.46,0.34]
T: Testosterone; C: Cortisol; WBC: White Blood Cells; RBC: Red Blood Cells; HB: Hemoglobin; HCT: Hematocrit; RDW: Red Cell Distribution Width; MCH: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration;
Δ%: Individual responsiveness (% change from pre- to post-intervention);
* indicates a significant within-group difference, p < 0.05;
** indicates a highly significant within-group difference, p < 0.01;
# indicates a significant between-group difference compared to the control group, p < 0.05;
## indicates a highly significant between-group difference compared to the control group, p < 0.01.