Table 3. Body-composition and anthropometric outcomes from baseline to week 8.
Outcome Group Baseline Week 4 Week 8 Δ% Difference in change vs control (95% CI) p Holm
p		 Hedges g
(95% CI)		 Group × time
p
Body mass (kg) 1v1 SSG 56.76 ± 6.36 54.31 ± 6.13 52.88 ± 5.92 -6.8 -3.45 (-4.25 to -2.65) < 0.001 < 0.001 -2.64 (-3.46 to -1.81) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 56.43 ± 6.81 53.61 ± 6.23 51.82 ± 5.89 -8.2 -4.18 (-4.94 to -3.42) < 0.001 < 0.001 -3.37 (-4.32 to -2.43)
Control 56.48 ± 5.29 56.30 ± 5.25 56.05 ± 5.22 -0.8
Body mass index (kg/m2) 1v1 SSG 21.57 ± 2.75 21.00 ± 2.49 20.29 ± 2.59 -6.0 -0.95 (-1.37 to -0.53) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.14 (-1.79 to -0.48) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 21.10 ± 2.76 20.43 ± 2.52 19.57 ± 2.31 -7.2 -1.19 (-1.61 to -0.77) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.45 (-2.13 to -0.77)
Control 22.00 ± 1.73 21.67 ± 1.53 21.67 ± 1.49 -1.5
Waist circumference (cm) 1v1 SSG 81.14 ± 5.26 78.81 ± 4.31 75.90 ± 3.60 -6.5 -4.14 (-5.45 to -2.83) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.95 (-2.69 to -1.21) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 81.05 ± 4.24 78.14 ± 4.49 76.76 ± 4.10 -5.3 -3.19 (-4.50 to -1.88) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.14 (-1.79 to -0.48)
Control 80.86 ± 2.78 80.29 ± 3.04 79.76 ± 2.86 -1.4
Hip circumference (cm) 1v1 SSG 99.24 ± 3.43 97.90 ± 3.08 96.62 ± 2.91 -2.6 -1.67 (-2.45 to -0.88) < 0.001 < 0.001 -0.93 (-1.57 to -0.29) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 98.95 ± 5.07 97.90 ± 4.76 97.43 ± 4.32 -1.5 -0.57 (-1.36 to 0.22) 0.155 0.155 -0.39 (-1.00 to 0.22)
Control 98.05 ± 4.15 97.62 ± 4.39 97.10 ± 4.66 -1.0
Waist-to-hip ratio (A.U.) 1v1 SSG 0.818 ± 0.044 0.808 ± 0.041 0.789 ± 0.035 -3.4 -0.024 (-0.033 to -0.015) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.27 (-1.93 to -0.60) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 0.820 ± 0.030 0.810 ± 0.031 0.797 ± 0.026 -2.8 -0.019 (-0.028 to -0.010) < 0.001 < 0.001 -1.30 (-1.96 to -0.63)
Control 0.818 ± 0.025 0.817 ± 0.030 0.814 ± 0.028 -0.5
Sum of skinfold thicknesses (mm) 1v1 SSG 96.90 ± 15.78 91.85 ± 14.90 86.65 ± 14.20 -10.6 -9.90 (-11.47 to -8.33) < 0.001 < 0.001 -3.94 (-4.99 to -2.89) < 0.001
3v3 SSG 96.37 ± 15.82 90.45 ± 16.20 84.60 ± 15.70 -12.2 -11.42 (-13.21 to -6.63) < 0.001 < 0.001 -3.99 (-5.05 to -2.93)
Control 97.15 ± 6.29 97.05 ± 6.08 96.80 ± 6.08 -0.4
Values at each time point are mean ± standard deviation. Δ% was calculated from group means as [(week 8 – baseline) / baseline] × 100. Model estimates are week 8 difference-in-differences versus control from linear mixed-effects models including group, time, and group × time, with participant as a random intercept. Negative model estimates indicate a greater reduction than control. Holm p values were adjusted across the intervention-versus-control contrasts in the anthropometry/body-composition family. Hedges’ g is the standardized between-group difference in baseline-to-week 8 change versus control; CI = confidence interval.