Table 1. Baseline characteristics. |
| Variable |
Thermoneutral
shower control |
Contrast
heat-cold |
Total
(n
= 29) |
Men
(n
= 23) |
Women
(n
= 6) |
Total
(n
= 28) |
Men
(n
= 24) |
Women
(n
= 4) |
| Participants,
n |
29 |
23 |
6 |
28 |
24 |
4 |
| Men,
n (%) |
23 (79.3) |
23 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
24 (85.7) |
24 (100.0) |
0 (0.0) |
| Women,
n (%) |
6 (20.7) |
0 (0.0) |
6 (100.0) |
4 (14.3) |
0 (0.0) |
4 (100.0) |
| Age
(years) |
29.8 ±
4.8 (19.0-38.0) |
29.4 ±
5.1 (19.0-38.0) |
31.0 ±
3.2 (26.0-34.0) |
27.3 ±
6.5 (18.0-37.0) |
27.1 ±
6.5 (18.0-37.0) |
28.2 ±
7.3 (18.0-34.0) |
| Body
height (cm) |
179.1 ±
8.1 |
182.4 ±
4.7 |
166.5 ±
5.4 |
180.6 ±
8.7 |
183.0 ±
6.1 |
166.1 ±
7.6 |
| Body
mass (kg) |
79.6 ±
8.0 |
79.1 ±
8.6 |
81.5 ±
5.1 |
78.0 ±
7.3 |
78.7 ±
7.6 |
74.0 ±
3.8 |
| BMI
(kg/m2) |
25.0 ±
3.5 |
23.8 ±
2.7 |
29.4 ±
2.5 |
24.1 ±
3.2 |
23.6 ±
2.9 |
27.0 ±
3.2 |
| Training
experience (years) |
7.4 ±
3.3 |
7.2 ±
3.5 |
8.5 ±
2.3 |
7.7 ±
3.0 |
7.5 ±
2.7 |
8.8 ±
4.5 |
| Training
frequency (sessions/week) |
4.1 ±
0.3 |
4.1 ±
0.3 |
4.2 ±
0.3 |
4.1 ±
0.3 |
4.1 ±
0.3 |
4.1 ±
0.1 |
| Weight
class |
| Lightweight,
n (%) |
6 (20.7) |
5 (21.7) |
1 (16.7) |
6 (21.4) |
5 (20.8) |
1 (25.0) |
| Middleweight,
n (%) |
17 (58.6) |
14 (60.9) |
3 (50.0) |
18 (64.3) |
15 (62.5) |
3 (75.0) |
| Heavyweight,
n (%) |
6 (20.7) |
4 (17.4) |
2 (33.3) |
4 (14.3) |
4 (16.7) |
0 (0.0) |
| Baseline
recovery and physiological outcomes |
| TQR
(a.u.) |
13.1 ±
0.8 |
13.1 ±
0.8 |
13.2 ±
0.8 |
13.4 ±
0.7 |
13.4 ±
0.7 |
13.2 ±
1.0 |
| Morning
salivary cortisol (nmol/L) |
16.0 ±
1.4 |
16.4 ±
1.2 |
14.6 ±
1.0 |
16.0 ±
1.8 |
16.5 ±
1.3 |
13.0 ±
0.9 |
| Resting
HR (bpm) |
61.4 ±
3.2 |
61.0 ±
3.2 |
62.7 ±
2.8 |
60.2 ±
3.2 |
60.1 ±
3.3 |
60.6 ±
2.8 |
| lnRMSSD
(log units) |
4.13 ±
0.15 |
4.13 ±
0.16 |
4.14 ±
0.15 |
4.10 ±
0.17 |
4.12 ±
0.18 |
4.01 ±
0.13 |
| RMSSD
(ms) |
62.9 ±
9.8 |
62.8 ±
10.2 |
63.2 ±
9.1 |
61.5 ±
11.0 |
62.5 ±
11.4 |
55.5 ±
6.8 |
| SDNN
(ms) |
88.1 ±
13.3 |
87.7 ±
12.9 |
89.8 ±
15.8 |
86.7 ±
19.0 |
89.1 ±
19.4 |
73.2 ±
10.1 |
| PORH
resting flow (PU) |
24.1 ±
1.9 |
24.3 ±
1.9 |
23.5 ±
1.7 |
24.1 ±
1.9 |
24.3 ±
2.0 |
22.8 ±
1.0 |
| PORH
peak (PU) |
35.2 ±
3.7 |
34.5 ±
3.5 |
38.3 ±
2.7 |
35.3 ±
4.5 |
35.3 ±
4.5 |
34.7 ±
5.4 |
| PORH
time to peak (s) |
22.9 ±
4.6 |
22.8 ±
4.1 |
23.3 ±
6.6 |
25.0 ±
4.9 |
25.4 ±
4.8 |
21.9 ±
5.3 |
| PORH
recovery time (min) |
6.26 ±
0.87 |
6.32 ±
0.94 |
6.02 ±
0.54 |
6.14 ±
0.93 |
6.16 ±
0.97 |
6.00 ±
0.74 |
|
Values are mean ± SD. Percentages are calculated within each column. Recorded training frequency reflects the mean number of recorded training/shower sessions per week during the 4-week intervention period. BMI: body mass index; TQR: Total Quality Recovery; HR: heart rate; lnRMSSD: natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences; RMSSD: root mean square of successive differences; SDNN: standard deviation of NN intervals; PORH: post-occlusive reactive hyperemia; PU: perfusion units. |
|