Table 1. Active and passive joint position sense in four different ankle joint positions. Data are means ± SD.
  Control BFR p value and ES
Plantar flexion (PF) Active PF 15 degrees 2.9 ± 1.4 3.4 ± 2.3 0.335; d = 0.200
Active PF 30 degrees 3.2 ± 1.8 3.1 ± 2.7 0.635; d = -0.023
Passive PF 15 degrees 5.6 ± 2.0 5.5 ± 2.1 0.718; d = -0.074
Passive PF 30 degrees 7.9 ± 4.8 7.0 ± 3.5 0.438; d = -0.161
Kinesthesia PF 2.0 ± 1.0 2.0 ± 0.8 0.904; d = -0.024
Inversion (INV) Active INV 10 degrees 1.9 ± 1.1 2.0 ± 1.3 0.348; d = 0.108
Active INV 20 degrees 1.3 ± 0.8 2.4 ± 2.2 *0.011; d = 0.523
Passive INV 10 degrees 2.2 ± 1.0 2.2 ± 1.1 0.778; d = -0.0131
Passive INV 20 degrees 3.9 ± 1.7 3.8 ± 2.3 0.765; d = -0.0349
Kinesthesia INV 2.0 ± 1.0 2.0 ± 0.8 0.895; d = -0.027
SD: Standard deviation. ES: Effect Size.
*: p <0.05.