Table 3. Y Balance test distances and muscle activations. Data are means ± SD.
  ANTERIOR POST-MEDIAL POST-LATERAL
CONTROL BFR p value and ES CONTROL BFR p value and ES CONTROL BFR p value and ES
DISTANCE (cm) 69.5 ± 7.0 68.6 ± 8.7 0.450; d = -0.156 83.5 ± 12.8 80.8 ± 13.5 0.060; d = -0.402 95.0 ± 12.7 92.8 ± 12.1 *0.023; d = -0.498
RF 15.4 ± 10.9 14.4 ± 10.7 0.797; d = -0.149 18.3 ± 11.8 12.3 ± 10.8 *0.015; d = -0.672 25.3 ± 13.3 22.4 ± 14.4 0.068; d = -0.265
VL 33.8 ± 22.5 31.3 ± 22.1 0.424; d = -0.245 35.2 ± 18.5 28.1 ± 19.7 *0.023; d = -0.707 39.7 ± 23.1 36.2 ± 21.1 0.179; d = -0.267
VM 39.9 ± 26.1 34.9 ± 23.4 0.149; d = -0.418 32.1 ± 15.6 26.2 ± 16.6 *0.037; d = -0.606 41.9 ± 22.1 38.4 ± 21.7 0.179; d = -0.225
BF 6.4 ± 2.6 4.8 ± 1.8 *<0.001; d = -0.884 7.9 ± 3.3 5.9 ± 3.5 *0.015; d = -0.567 6.2 ± 2.8 5.0 ± 1.8 0.076; d = -0.379
ST 11.8 ± 5.7 7.5 ± 3.4 *<0.001; d = -1.013 6.5 ± 3.4 5.0 ± 2.9 0.204; d = -0.554 8.2 ± 4.8 6.0 ± 3.1 0.079; d = -0.606
TA 24.8 ± 12.3 20.8 ± 8.7 0.103; d = -0.432 41.3 ± 16.3 32.7 ± 16.2 *0.005; d = -0.620 35.5 ± 15.6 30.9 ± 13.3 0.103; d = -0.326
PL 34.4 ± 13.3 28.8 ± 11.5 0.063; d = -0.473 27.6 ± 12.8 23.8 ± 10.2 0.07; d = -0.439 32.4 ± 13.2 26.4 ± 10.0 *0.022; d = -0.502
GL 29.5 ± 16.6 25.6 ± 14.9 *0.037; d = -0.501 19.0 ± 14.6 16.6 ± 13.7 0.061; d = -0.339 21.5 ± 15.2 17.7 ± 12.5 *0.037; d = -0.553
GM 16.7 ± 9.4 12.0 ± 6.1 *0.001; d = -0.736 16.1 ± 8.4 12.4 ± 7.3 *0.013; d = -0.548 12.7 ± 8.6 9.3 ± 5.0 *0.014; d = -0.548
S 42.5 ± 32.8 34.4 ± 20.7 0.092; d = -0.367 40.1 ± 31.4 31.4 ± 17.7 0.123; d = -0.406 28.9 ± 18.2 22.6 ± 11.2 *0.002; d = -0.503
ES: Effect Size. cm: centimeter.
*: p <0.05. RF: rectus femoris muscle.
VL: vastus lateralis muscle. VM: vastus medialis muscle. BF: biceps femoris muscle. ST: semitendinosus muscle. TA: tibialis anterior muscle. PL: peroneus longus muscle. GL: gastrocnemius lateralis muscle. GM: gastrocnemius medialis muscle. S: soleus muscle.