Table 2. Discrete lower-limb joint angle parameters in HRFS-AN, HRFS-GR and HNRFS. |
|
Parameter |
HRFS-AN |
HRFS-GR |
HNRFS |
Overall
p-value |
GR - AN
MD [95% CI] p-value |
HNRFS -
AN MD [95% CI] p-value |
HNRFS -
GR MD [95% CI] p-value |
| Hip
Angle (deg) |
Sagittal
max |
33.43±7.46 |
32.05±9.05 |
35.98±5.02 |
0.354 |
-1.38 [-6.33,
3.58]
0.724 |
2.56 [-2.94,
8.05]
0.724 |
3.93 [-1.56,
9.43]
0.483 |
| Sagittal
min |
-4.83±4.65 |
-8.35±7.87 |
-1.99±7.04 |
0.046* |
-3.52 [-8.40,
1.37]
0.317 |
2.84 [-2.19,
7.88]
0.317 |
6.36
[1.32, 11.39]
0.040* |
| Sagittal
rom |
37.89±5.48 |
40.36±5.53 |
37.99±6.35 |
0.161 |
2.47 [-0.09,
5.04]
0.177 |
0.10 [-4.35,
4.56]
0.963 |
-2.37 [-6.82,
2.08]
0.594 |
| Coronal
max |
7.25±3.70 |
7.94±3.20 |
7.83±4.08 |
0.773 |
0.69 [-1.31,
2.68]
1.000 |
0.58 [-2.23,
3.39]
1.000 |
-0.11 [-2.91,
2.70]
1.000 |
| Coronal
min |
-3.55±3.25 |
-4.78±3.68 |
-4.50±3.20 |
0.514 |
-1.23 [-3.44,
0.97]
0.820 |
-0.95 [-3.50,
1.60]
0.932 |
0.28 [-2.26,
2.83]
0.932 |
| Coronal
rom |
10.81±2.57 |
12.72±4.03 |
12.24±4.14 |
0.182 |
1.91 [-0.10,
3.93]
0.186 |
1.43 [-1.36,
4.23]
0.631 |
-0.48 [-3.28,
2.31]
0.735 |
| Transverse
max |
7.24±4.11 |
7.87±2.85 |
8.42±6.85 |
0.698 |
0.63 [-1.12,
2.38]
1.000 |
1.18 [-2.88,
5.24]
1.000 |
0.55 [-3.50,
4.61]
1.000 |
| Transverse
min |
-4.94±5.33 |
-4.31±3.66 |
-3.36±5.73 |
0.690 |
0.63 [-2.05,
3.31]
1.000 |
1.59 [-2.25,
5.42]
1.000 |
0.96 [-2.88,
4.79]
1.000 |
| Transverse
rom |
12.16±4.19 |
12.13±3.24 |
11.77±3.02 |
0.948 |
-0.03 [-2.48,
2.41]
1.000 |
-0.39 [-3.03,
2.25]
1.000 |
-0.36 [-3.00,
2.28]
1.000 |
| Knee
Angle (deg) |
Sagittal
max |
-15.50±5.49 |
-14.74±3.83 |
-13.73±6.49 |
0.615 |
0.76 [-1.43,
2.95]
1.000 |
1.78 [-2.45,
6.00]
1.000 |
1.01 [-3.21,
5.24]
1.000 |
| Sagittal
min |
-78.49±15.22 |
-85.50±13.17 |
-90.95±14.48 |
0.035* |
-7.01 [-13.92,
-0.10]
0.094 |
-12.46
[-23.28, -1.64]
0.072 |
-5.45 [-16.28,
5.37]
0.323 |
| Sagittal
rom |
63.08±16.42 |
70.87±12.95 |
77.33±14.53 |
0.013* |
7.79
[1.29, 14.30]
0.038* |
14.25
[3.17, 25.33]
0.035* |
6.46 [-4.62,
17.54]
0.253 |
| Coronal
max |
4.40±5.12 |
5.12±3.81 |
3.62±4.99 |
0.652 |
0.72 [-1.63,
3.08]
1.000 |
-0.77 [-4.33,
2.79]
1.000 |
-1.50 [-5.06,
2.07]
1.000 |
| Coronal
min |
-7.67±4.00 |
-6.79±3.68 |
-8.46±3.66 |
0.469 |
0.88 [-1.39,
3.14]
0.896 |
-0.79 [-3.64,
2.06]
0.896 |
-1.67 [-4.52,
1.18]
0.752 |
| Coronal
rom |
12.06±3.10 |
11.96±3.13 |
12.03±5.27 |
0.996 |
-0.10 [-2.43,
2.23]
1.000 |
-0.03 [-3.13,
3.07]
1.000 |
0.06 [-3.04,
3.16]
1.000 |
| Transverse
max |
1.89±10.78 |
2.66±4.69 |
5.54±5.22 |
0.399 |
0.77 [-4.05,
5.59]
0.755 |
3.64 [-1.89,
9.18]
0.590 |
2.88 [-2.66,
8.41]
0.616 |
| Transverse
min |
-12.05±9.34 |
-13.91±3.38 |
-10.66±5.30 |
0.406 |
-1.86 [-6.83,
3.11]
0.927 |
1.39 [-3.50,
6.27]
0.927 |
3.25 [-1.64,
8.13]
0.578 |
| Transverse
rom |
13.92±4.28 |
16.55±3.69 |
16.26±5.53 |
0.097 |
2.63 [0.29,
4.98]
0.083 |
2.34 [-1.21,
5.89]
0.393 |
-0.29 [-3.84,
3.25]
0.871 |
| Ankle
Angle (deg) |
Sagittal
max |
11.83±4.14 |
16.17±7.43 |
11.92±8.13 |
0.077 |
4.33 [0.53,
8.14]
0.077 |
0.08 [-5.16,
5.33]
0.975 |
-4.25 [-9.49,
0.99]
0.224 |
| Sagittal
min |
-24.77±9.32 |
-25.42±10.62 |
-25.04±11.48 |
0.948 |
-0.65 [-4.72,
3.42]
1.000 |
-0.27 [-8.35,
7.81]
1.000 |
0.38 [-7.70,
8.46]
1.000 |
| Sagittal
rom |
36.51±7.34 |
41.83±7.94 |
37.15±8.87 |
0.094 |
5.33 [0.46,
10.19]
0.096 |
0.65 [-5.50,
6.79]
0.837 |
-4.68 [-10.82,
1.46]
0.271 |
| Coronal
max |
1.81±7.39 |
0.90±6.98 |
7.41±6.44 |
0.034* |
-0.91 [-6.11,
4.30]
0.733 |
5.60 [0.37,
10.84]
0.072 |
6.51
[1.27, 11.75]
0.044* |
| Coronal
min |
-12.98±6.36 |
-13.25±8.55 |
-9.67±3.54 |
0.278 |
-0.27 [-4.46,
3.93]
0.901 |
3.32 [-1.49,
8.12]
0.431 |
3.58 [-1.22,
8.39]
0.431 |
| Coronal
rom |
14.73±4.89 |
14.03±3.02 |
17.02±5.68 |
0.258 |
-0.70 [-2.76,
1.37]
0.506 |
2.29 [-1.37,
5.95]
0.442 |
2.99 [-0.67,
6.65]
0.330 |
| Transverse
max |
5.11±10.10 |
1.36±5.86 |
6.76±4.99 |
0.103 |
-3.76 [-8.40,
0.88]
0.225 |
1.65 [-3.80,
7.10]
0.553 |
5.41 [-0.04,
10.86]
0.155 |
| Transverse
min |
-6.17±10.53 |
-11.12±7.68 |
-5.79±4.36 |
0.083 |
-4.96 [-9.85,
-0.07]
0.140 |
0.37 [-5.49,
6.23]
0.901 |
5.33 [-0.53,
11.19]
0.149 |
| Transverse
rom |
11.23±3.18 |
12.58±3.26 |
12.57±3.08 |
0.280 |
1.35 [-0.44,
3.13]
0.421 |
1.34 [-1.05,
3.73]
0.543 |
-0.01 [-2.39,
2.38]
0.997 |
| COM
(cm) |
Vertical
rom |
10.33±1.91 |
10.21±1.75 |
10.86±1.36 |
0.549 |
-0.11 [-0.59,
0.36]
0.911 |
0.53 [-0.69,
1.75]
0.911 |
0.64 [-0.58,
1.86]
0.911 |
| A-P
rom |
4.36±0.73 |
4.42±1.09 |
4.24±0.91 |
0.862 |
0.07 [-0.43,
0.56]
1.000 |
-0.12 [-0.81,
0.58]
1.000 |
-0.18 [-0.88,
0.51]
1.000 |
| M-L
rom |
2.83±0.74 |
3.05±0.75 |
2.75±0.90 |
0.448 |
0.22 [-0.18,
0.62]
0.869 |
-0.08 [-0.70,
0.53]
0.869 |
-0.30 [-0.91,
0.31]
0.869 |
|
GR: HRFS-GR; AN:HRFS-AN; COM: center of mass; ROM: range of motion; A-P: anterior-posterior; M-L: medial-lateral. |
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