| Muscle |
Rows,
n |
Participants,
n |
Conditions,
n |
Wald
χ2 |
df |
p |
| PD |
86 |
14 |
46 |
13.75 |
3 |
0.003 |
| BB |
82 |
13 |
44 |
25.05 |
3 |
<
0.001 |
| TB |
88 |
14 |
47 |
10.01 |
3 |
0.018 |
| MT |
83 |
13 |
43 |
13.71 |
3 |
0.003 |
| LD |
84 |
13 |
45 |
4.72 |
3 |
0.194 |
| Boundary-free
models used a continuous nominal 4.0-second window beginning at the same
participant-specific fixed 20% right-LD EMG-defined activity onset (50-ms
moving RMS envelope; at least 50-ms threshold persistence), with attachment
as a fixed effect and participant as a random intercept. The phase term
was not included. This analysis removes the lifting-to-lowering analytical
boundary but does not identify the true mechanical cycle. |
Panel B. Prespecified attachment
contrasts in the boundary-free nominal 4.0-second analytical-window analysis.
| Muscle / contrast |
Boundary-free 4.0-s estimate [95% CI] |
Bonferroni-adjusted p |
| PD: RP-CB |
7.15 [3.15, 11.15] |
0.003 |
| BB: WVS-SB |
2.22 [-0.85, 5.29] |
0.937 |
| BB: WVS-CB |
1.34 [-1.81, 4.48] |
1.000 |
| BB: WVS-RP |
6.70 [3.63, 9.77] |
< 0.001 |
| TB: WVS-CB |
8.09 [2.80, 13.38] |
0.016 |
| TB: WVS-RP |
3.33 [-1.73, 8.40] |
1.000 |
|