Table 1. Definitions of exercise interventions. Type of exercise Abbreviation Definition High-intensity aerobic exercise HAE Intensity: > 65% VO2max or > 75% HRmax; any aerobic exercise mode, such as walking, running, cycling, and swimming (Medicine, 2013). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise MAE Intensity: 45-65% VO2max or 65-75% HRmax, any mode of aerobic only (e.g., walking, running, cycling and swimming) (Medicine, 2013) High-intensity interval training HIIT Repetitive relatively short-interval training, performed at intensity ≥ 90% VO2max or ≥ 90% HRmax, usually performed at below maximum intensity (Gibala and Little, 2020). Sprint interval training SIT Repetitive short-interval exercise, requires “all-out” efforts at maximal work rates (Atakan et al., 2022). Combined exercise CE Integrated modality of exercise that combines aerobic and resistance exercise (Mann et al., 2014). Resistance exercise RE Refers to repeated voluntary muscle movements against external resistance with the primary purpose of improving muscle strength, power, or local muscle endurance (Lloyd et al., 2014). HAE, high-intensity aerobic exercise; MAE, moderate intensity aerobic exercise; HIIT, high intensity interval training; SIT, sprint interval training; CE, combined exercise; RE, resistance exercise; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; HRmax, maximal heart rate.