Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
ISSN: 1303 - 2968   
Ios-APP Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
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©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2014) 13, 817 - 822

Research article
Hydration Status and Fluid Balance of Elite European Youth Soccer Players during Consecutive Training Sessions
Shaun M. Phillips1, , Dave Sykes2, Neil Gibson2
Author Information
1 Abertay University, Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Dundee, Scotland
2 Heart of Midlothian Football Academy, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland

Shaun M. Phillips
✉ Abertay University, Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Bell Street, Dundee, DD11HG, Scotland
Email: S.Phillips@abertay.ac.uk
Publish Date
Received: 03-04-2014
Accepted: 01-08-2014
Published (online): 01-12-2014
 
 
ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to investigate the hydration status and fluid balance of elite European youth soccer players during three consecutive training sessions. Fourteen males (age 16.9 ± 0.8 years, height 1.79 ± 0.06 m, body mass (BM) 70.6 ± 5.0 kg) had their hydration status assessed from first morning urine samples (baseline) and pre- and post-training using urine specific gravity (USG) measures, and their fluid balance calculated from pre- to post-training BM change, corrected for fluid intake and urine output. Most participants were hypohydrated upon waking (USG >1.020; 77% on days 1 and 3, and 62% on day 2). There was no significant difference between first morning and pre-training USG (p = 0.11) and no influence of training session (p = 0.34) or time (pre- vs. post-training; p = 0.16) on USG. Significant BM loss occurred in sessions 1-3 (0.69 ± 0.22, 0.42 ± 0.25, and 0.38 ± 0.30 kg respectively, p < 0.05). Mean fluid intake in sessions 1-3 was 425 ± 185, 355 ± 161, and 247 ± 157 ml, respectively (p < 0.05). Participants replaced on average 71.3 ± 64.1% (range 0-363.6%) of fluid losses across the three sessions. Body mass loss, fluid intake, and USG measures showed large inter-individual variation. Elite young European soccer players likely wake and present for training hypohydrated, when a USG threshold of 1.020 is applied. When training in a cool environment with ad libitum access to fluid, replacing ~71% of sweat losses results in minimal hypohydration (<1% BM). Consumption of fluid ad libitum throughout training appears to prevent excessive (≥2% BM) dehydration, as advised by current fluid intake guidelines. Current fluid intake guidelines appear applicable for elite European youth soccer players training in a cool environment.

Key words: Specific gravity, exercise, urine, adolescent


           Key Points
  • The paper demonstrates a notable inter-participant variation in first morning, pre- and post-training hydration status and fluid balance of elite young European soccer players.
  • On average, elite young European soccer players are hypohydrated upon waking and remain hypohydrated before and after training.
  • Elite young European soccer players display varied fluid intake volumes during training, but on average do not consume sufficient fluid to offset fluid losses.
  • Consecutive training sessions do not significantly impair hydration status, suggesting that elite young European soccer players consume sufficient fluid between training to maintain a stable hydration status and prevent excessive (≥2% body mass) dehydration
  • Current fluid intake guidelines appear applicable to this population when training in a cool environment
 
 
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